ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for captopril. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Exercise caution when changing positions. This is important to include in the teaching because captopril, an ACE inhibitor, can cause a drop in blood pressure, leading to dizziness or lightheadedness when changing positions. Monitoring pulse rate (
B) may not be necessary for this medication. Taking a daily potassium supplement (
A) is typically not recommended as captopril can already increase potassium levels. Increasing sodium intake (
C) is counterproductive as it can worsen high blood pressure. Other choices are not directly related to the medication's side effects.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who started haloperidol five days ago and is experiencing neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse anticipate administering?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bromocriptine. Bromocriptine is a dopamine agonist that can help in the treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) by reducing dopamine levels in the brain. NMS is characterized by hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction. Bromocriptine helps counteract the excessive dopamine levels that contribute to NMS symptoms.
Summary of other choices:
A: Benztropine is an anticholinergic medication used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms but not NMS.
B: Naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose, not indicated for NMS.
D: Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine used for allergic reactions and sedation, not for NMS treatment.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking digoxin to treat heart failure. Which of the following factors predisposes this client to developing digoxin toxicity?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Taking a high-ceiling diuretic. High-ceiling diuretics, like furosemide, can lead to hypokalemia by increasing potassium excretion, which can potentiate the risk of digoxin toxicity as digoxin competes with potassium for binding sites on the myocardial cell membrane.
Therefore, when a client is taking digoxin along with a high-ceiling diuretic, the risk of digoxin toxicity increases. The other choices, B, C, and D, do not directly predispose the client to digoxin toxicity. HMG COA reductase inhibitors are used to lower cholesterol levels and do not interact with digoxin. COPD and a prolapsed mitral valve are unrelated to the risk of digoxin toxicity.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving ondansetron IV. Which of the following findings is an indication that the ondansetron is effective?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased nausea. Ondansetron is an antiemetic medication used to treat nausea and vomiting.
Therefore, a decrease in nausea indicates that the medication is effective in managing the client's symptoms. Reduced dizziness (
B) and absence of peripheral neuropathy (
D) are not directly related to the action of ondansetron. Increased urinary output (
C) is not a typical effect of ondansetron.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving magnesium sulfate IV bolus for preeclampsia. The client's respiratory rate is 6/min and they have absent deep tendon reflexes. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Calcium gluconate. In this scenario, the client is showing signs of magnesium sulfate toxicity, including respiratory depression and absent deep tendon reflexes. Calcium gluconate is the antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity as it competes with magnesium for receptor sites, counteracting its effects. Methylergonovine is used to prevent or control postpartum hemorrhage, not for magnesium sulfate toxicity. Naloxone is used to reverse opioid overdose, not for magnesium sulfate toxicity. Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid used for various conditions but is not indicated for magnesium sulfate toxicity.