ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the medication list of a client who has erectile dysfunction and is requesting a prescription for sildenafil. The nurse should identify that which of the following medications is a contraindication for receiving this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Rationale: Nitroglycerin is the correct answer as it is contraindicated with sildenafil due to both medications causing vasodilation, leading to severe hypotension. Indomethacin, albuterol, and furosemide do not have significant interactions with sildenafil. Nitroglycerin should not be combined with sildenafil due to the risk of severe hypotension and cardiovascular complications.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who reports a severe headache. The client's blood pressure is 280/160 mm Hg. The nurse should plan to administer which of the following medications?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: B - Nitroprusside
Rationale: Nitroprusside is a potent vasodilator that works quickly to reduce blood pressure. In this case of severe hypertension, it is crucial to lower the blood pressure rapidly to prevent complications such as stroke or organ damage. Nitroprusside is the drug of choice for hypertensive emergencies due to its rapid onset of action and ability to titrate the dosage.
Summary of Other
Choices:
A: Dexamethasone - Used for inflammation and allergic reactions, not suitable for lowering blood pressure.
C: Epinephrine - Used for anaphylaxis and cardiac arrest, not indicated for hypertension.
D: Dobutamine - Used for heart failure and cardiogenic shock, not appropriate for hypertension.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus and is taking pioglitazone. The nurse should plan to monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fluid retention. Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, can cause fluid retention by increasing sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. This can lead to edema, weight gain, and exacerbation of heart failure. Monitoring for signs of fluid retention such as weight gain, edema, and shortness of breath is crucial. Tinnitus (
B), insomnia (
C), and orthostatic hypotension (
D) are not commonly associated with pioglitazone use. Tinnitus is more commonly associated with ototoxic medications, insomnia may be a side effect of other medications or conditions, and orthostatic hypotension is more commonly seen with antihypertensive medications.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is transcribing a new prescription for a client which states, 'Diphenhydramine 50 mg NOW.' Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Contact the provider to clarify the prescription. The nurse should clarify the prescription because the instruction "NOW" lacks specificity regarding the time frame for administration. Contacting the provider ensures patient safety by confirming the intended timing of the medication.
Choice B is incorrect as it assumes the client's need without clarifying the prescription first.
Choice C is incorrect as the time frame is not defined by "NOW."
Choice D is incorrect because the prescription needs clarification before requesting the medication.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is administering medications to a client who weighs 132 lb. The prescription reads chloramphenicol, 50mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses. Available is chloramphenicol 100 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse give with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the dose per administration:
1. Determine total daily dose: 50mg/kg/day * 132 lb = 6600 mg/day
2. Divide total daily dose by number of doses per day: 6600 mg / 4 doses = 1650 mg/dose
3. Convert 1650 mg to mL using concentration (100 mg/mL): 1650 mg / 100 mg/mL = 16.5 mL/dose
4. Round to nearest tenth: 16.5 mL ≈ 7.5 mL
Therefore, the nurse should give 7.5 mL with each dose.
Incorrect choices:
B: Incorrect calculation or rounding error.
C: Incorrect calculation or rounding error.
D: Incorrect calculation or rounding error.
Other choices left blank.