ATI RN
ATI NUR 229 Pharmacology Test 1 OEK Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who reports taking pseudoephedrine for sinus congestion as needed. The nurse should identify that pseudoephedrine is contraindicated for which of the following client conditions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypertension. Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic agent that can increase blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction. In clients with hypertension, this can exacerbate the condition and potentially lead to hypertensive crisis. Migraines, eczema, and diverticulitis are not contraindications for pseudoephedrine use. For migraines, pseudoephedrine can actually be helpful due to its vasoconstrictive effects which can reduce sinus congestion associated with migraines. Eczema is a skin condition that is not directly affected by pseudoephedrine use. Diverticulitis is a condition involving inflammation of the colon, and while pseudoephedrine may cause mild gastrointestinal side effects, it is not contraindicated for diverticulitis.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has been taking prednisone to treat asthma and has a new prescription to discontinue the medication. The nurse should explain to the client to reduce the dose gradually to prevent which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Adrenocortical insufficiency. Gradual tapering of prednisone is necessary to allow the adrenal glands time to resume normal cortisol production. Abrupt discontinuation can lead to adrenal insufficiency due to suppression of the adrenal glands. Rebound pulmonary congestion (choice
A) is not a common adverse effect of prednisone discontinuation. Hyperglycemia (choice
B) is a potential adverse effect of prednisone but is more related to long-term use rather than discontinuation. Severe dehydration (choice
D) is not a direct result of prednisone discontinuation.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child who has asthma and a prescription for montelukast granules. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide the client's parent on administering the medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administer the medication 2 hr before exercise. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used to prevent asthma symptoms. Administering it before exercise helps to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Option A is incorrect as montelukast granules should not be mixed with water. Option C is incorrect because montelukast is usually given in the evening for optimal efficacy. Option D is incorrect because montelukast is not a rescue medication for wheezing but rather a preventive one.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parent of a child who is prescribed diphenhydramine 25 mg elixir every 4 hr as needed. The amount available is diphenhydramine elixir 12.5 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To determine the mL per dose, divide the prescribed dose by the concentration of the medication. In this case, 25 mg ÷ 12.5 mg/5 mL = 10 mL.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: 10 mL. The other choices are incorrect because they do not reflect the correct calculation based on the prescribed dose and concentration of the medication.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has poison ivy and is prescribed diphenhydramine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give regarding the adverse effect of dry mouth associated with diphenhydramine?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Rationale: Dry mouth is a common adverse effect of diphenhydramine due to its anticholinergic properties. Option D is correct because chewing sugarless gum or sucking on hard, sour candies can stimulate saliva production, alleviating dry mouth. Option A is incorrect as administering with food does not directly address dry mouth. Option B is incorrect as discontinuing medication without consulting the provider is not recommended. Option C is incorrect as using a humidifier does not specifically target dry mouth.