ATI RN
ATI Nur 211 Med Surg Exam Unit 4 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a peptic ulcer. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a risk factor for this condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bulimia involves episodes of binge eating followed by purging and can lead to a range of gastrointestinal issues, including esophageal damage and electrolyte imbalances. However, it is not a direct risk factor for the development of peptic ulcers. While it can affect the digestive system, it does not inherently increase the risk of ulcers. Green tea is generally considered to have health benefits and is not typically associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcers. In some cases, it may even provide protective effects against gastric ulcers due to its antioxidant properties. Moderate alcohol consumption can have varying effects on gastric mucosa. While excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor for developing ulcers, moderate consumption, such as a glass of wine with dinner, is not typically considered a significant risk factor. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can irritate the gastric lining and inhibit the production of protective mucus, leading to an increased risk of developing ulcers.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has peptic ulcer disease. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following findings as an indication of gastrointestinal perforation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sudden abdominal pain is a classic sign of perforation, causing peritonitis. Bowel sounds may be diminished, not hyperactive. Tachycardia, not bradycardia, occurs due to pain or shock. Hypotension, not increased blood pressure, is typical.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is admitting a client who reports anorexia and is experiencing malnutrition. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect to be altered?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Total bilirubin levels are primarily associated with liver function and hemolysis. While malnutrition can impact liver function, total bilirubin is not a direct indicator of nutritional status or malnutrition. Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme found in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscles. Its levels are typically associated with muscle damage or myocardial infarction. While malnutrition can impact muscle mass, CK is not specifically altered due to malnutrition alone. Troponin is a protein released when the heart muscle is damaged. It is primarily used as a biomarker for myocardial injury. Malnutrition does not directly affect troponin levels, so this is not a relevant finding in the context of malnutrition. Albumin is a protein produced by the liver and is a key indicator of nutritional status. Low albumin levels can indicate malnutrition, particularly protein deficiency. In cases of anorexia and malnutrition, albumin levels are often decreased due to inadequate protein intake and poor nutritional status.
Question 4 of 5
Which signs and symptoms would the nurse expect to find in the history of a patient that is going for a Nissen Fundoplication surgery?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nausea and belching are not primary indications for Nissen Fundoplication; weight gain is unrelated. Reflux is relevant, but flatulence and cough are less specific. Epigastric pain, hoarseness, and diarrhea are not primary symptoms. Heartburn, reflux, and chest pain are classic GERD symptoms prompting surgery.
Question 5 of 5
What assessment findings support the diagnosis of peritonitis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Abdominal cramping can occur with various gastrointestinal conditions, including peritonitis. However, it is not specific to peritonitis and may also be present in conditions like gastroenteritis or bowel obstruction. Profuse diarrhea is typically associated with gastrointestinal infections or inflammatory bowel diseases rather than peritonitis. In fact, peritonitis often leads to reduced bowel activity, potentially resulting in constipation rather than diarrhea. Hyperactive bowel sounds can occur in early stages of peritonitis but are not a classic finding. In many cases of peritonitis, bowel sounds may be diminished or absent due to the body’s response to inflammation. A hard, rigid abdomen indicates muscle guarding, which is the body’s response to inflammation and irritation of the peritoneum. This rigidity is often referred to as 'board-like' and is a key indicator of peritonitis.