ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2019 II Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the list of current medications for a client who is to start a new prescription for carbamazepine. The nurse should identify that which of the following medications interacts with carbamazepine?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Estrogen-progestin combination. Carbamazepine can decrease the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives by inducing their metabolism, leading to contraceptive failure. This interaction is important to consider to prevent unintended pregnancies. The other choices (A, B, and
D) do not have significant interactions with carbamazepine. Nicotine transdermal system, beclomethasone, and diphenhydramine do not have documented interactions that would impact the effectiveness of carbamazepine or the safety of the client.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has hypermagnesemia. Which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Calcium gluconate. In hypermagnesemia, there is an excess of magnesium in the blood, which can lead to muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and respiratory depression. Calcium gluconate is the antidote for hypermagnesemia as it antagonizes the effects of magnesium on the heart and neuromuscular system, helping to restore normal function. Flumazenil (
B) is used for benzodiazepine overdose, Protamine sulfate (
C) for heparin overdose, and Acetylcysteine (
D) for acetaminophen overdose.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a guardian of a school-age child who has a new prescription for a fluticasone metered-dose inhaler. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A, C, E
Rationale:
A: Shake the device prior to administration to ensure proper mixing of medication.
C: A spacer will make it easier to use the device by helping deliver the medication directly into the lungs.
E: Rinse your child's mouth following administration to reduce the risk of oral thrush from steroid inhalers.
Incorrect answers:
B: Soaking the inhaler in water after use is not necessary and may damage the device.
D: Having the child take one inhalation as needed is not appropriate without specific instructions from the healthcare provider.
Summary: The correct answers focus on proper administration techniques and safety measures for using a fluticasone inhaler, while the incorrect answers either provide unnecessary steps or incorrect dosing instructions.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride elixir 20 mEq/day PO to divide equally every 12 hr. Available is 6.7 mEq/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 7.5 mL.
To calculate this, first determine the total daily dose (20 mEq/day divided into 2 doses = 10 mEq per dose). Next, calculate the mL per dose using the concentration provided (6.7 mEq/5 mL). Divide the dose needed (10 mEq) by the concentration (6.7 mEq) to get the mL per dose (10/6.7 ≈ 1.49 mL). Since the dose must be practical to administer, round up to the nearest feasible volume, which is 7.5 mL. Other choices are incorrect due to incorrect calculations or rounding errors.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus and is taking pioglitazone. The nurse should plan to monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fluid retention. Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, is known to cause fluid retention by increasing sodium reabsorption in the kidneys. This can lead to edema and exacerbate heart failure in some patients. Monitoring for signs of fluid overload, such as weight gain, edema, and shortness of breath, is crucial. Option B, insomnia, and option D, tinnitus, are not known side effects of pioglitazone. Option C, orthostatic hypotension, is more commonly associated with antihypertensive medications.