ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2019 I Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who is receiving heparin by continuous IV infusion. Which of the following results indicates the nurse should decrease the infusion rate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: aPTT 90 seconds. The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) measures the effectiveness of heparin therapy. A result of 90 seconds indicates the blood is taking longer to clot, suggesting the client may be at risk for bleeding.
Therefore, the nurse should decrease the heparin infusion rate to prevent excessive anticoagulation.
A: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a nonspecific marker of inflammation and does not directly relate to heparin therapy.
C: INR of 1.2 is within the therapeutic range for heparin, so no adjustment is needed.
D: Platelet count of 350,000/mm is within normal limits and does not necessitate a change in heparin infusion rate.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for spironolactone. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I will limit potassium-rich foods in my diet." This is the correct statement because spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, so limiting potassium-rich foods helps prevent hyperkalemia.
Choice B is incorrect because spironolactone should be taken with food to enhance absorption and reduce stomach upset.
Choice C is incorrect because salt substitutes often contain potassium, which can counteract the medication's effects.
Choice D is incorrect because doubling up on medication can lead to overdose and adverse effects.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for ferrous gluconate. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: C - "I should stay upright for at least 15 minutes after taking this medication."
Rationale: Ferrous gluconate can cause gastrointestinal irritation and should be taken with a full glass of water and the client should remain upright for at least 15-30 minutes to prevent esophageal irritation or ulceration. This is important to prevent adverse effects and ensure proper absorption of the medication.
Incorrect
Choices:
A: "I should notify my provider if my stools turn black." - While black stools can indicate gastrointestinal bleeding, it is not a specific teaching point related to ferrous gluconate.
B: "I should take this medication with 8 ounces of milk." - Taking iron supplements with milk can decrease absorption due to calcium interference.
D: "I should take an antacid with this medication to prevent stomach upset." - Antacids can decrease iron absorption and should not be taken together.
E: Repetition of choice D.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has diabetes mellitus and is taking glipizide. Which of the following values indicates that the client is adhering to the treatment plan?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: HbA1c 6.8%. HbA1c reflects the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months. A value of 6.8% indicates good glycemic control in diabetes. Positive urinary ketones (choice
A) indicate inadequate insulin, not adherence.
Total cholesterol (choice
C) and creatinine (choice
D) do not directly indicate treatment adherence for diabetes.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer sulfadiazine 150mg/kg PO to divide equally every 6 hr to an adolescent who weighs 88 lb. Available is sulfadiazine 500 mg/tab. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose? (Round to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To calculate the dose, first convert the weight from lb to kg: 88 lb / 2.2 = 40 kg.
Then calculate the total dose: 150mg/kg x 40 kg = 6000 mg. Next, determine the dose per administration by dividing the total dose by the number of administrations per day: 6000 mg / 4 doses = 1500 mg. Finally, calculate the number of tablets needed: 1500 mg / 500 mg/tab = 3 tablets per dose.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: 3 tablets.
Choice A is incorrect because it does not provide the required dose.
Choices C and D are incorrect as they exceed the calculated dose.