ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory data of a client who has acute pancreatitis. The nurse should expect to find an elevation of which of the following values?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amylase. In acute pancreatitis, there is inflammation of the pancreas leading to leakage of pancreatic enzymes like amylase into the blood. Elevated amylase levels are a hallmark of acute pancreatitis. Creatinine (
A) is related to kidney function, bilirubin (
B) to liver function, and albumin (
D) to protein status. In acute pancreatitis, the focus is on pancreatic enzymes like amylase.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing menopausal symptoms and asks the nurse about menopausal hormone therapy (HT). The nurse should inform the client that HT is not recommended due to which of the following findings in the client's medical history?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: History of breast cancer. Menopausal hormone therapy (HT) is contraindicated in women with a history of breast cancer due to the potential risk of hormone-dependent cancer recurrence. Hormones can stimulate the growth of estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cells, increasing the risk of cancer recurrence.
Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to inform the client with a history of breast cancer that HT is not recommended.
Choices B, C, and D are not directly contraindications for HT in menopausal clients, as long as these conditions are well-controlled and monitored.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values of a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following sets of values should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (pH 7.25, HCO3- 19 mEq/L, PaCO2 30 mm Hg). In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys are unable to excrete acid effectively, leading to metabolic acidosis. The pH is low (acidotic) due to the accumulation of acids. The bicarbonate (HCO3-) is low (19 mEq/L) as the kidneys are unable to reabsorb and regenerate bicarbonate effectively. The PaCO2 is low (30 mm Hg) as the respiratory system compensates by increasing the respiratory rate to blow off carbon dioxide in an attempt to normalize the pH.
Choices B, C, and D have pH values within normal range and do not reflect the expected acidosis in chronic kidney disease.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for four hospitalized clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as being at risk for fluid volume deficit?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The client with gastroenteritis and fever is at risk for fluid volume deficit due to increased fluid loss from vomiting and diarrhea. Fever also increases fluid loss through perspiration. The other choices do not directly indicate increased fluid loss. A: Antibiotics for wound infection may not directly lead to fluid volume deficit. C: IV fluids would help maintain hydration status, so this client is not at risk for deficit. D: Hypokalemia may be related to electrolyte imbalance, but not necessarily fluid volume deficit.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of essential hypertension. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following findings that is consistent with this diagnosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vertigo. Essential hypertension can cause vertigo due to increased pressure in the blood vessels supplying the inner ear. Vertigo is a common symptom of hypertension. Fatigue (
B) is a non-specific symptom seen in many conditions. Excessive thirst (
C) and frequent urination (
D) are more indicative of diabetes mellitus rather than essential hypertension.