ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas (ABG) results of a client who the provider suspects has metabolic acidosis. Which of the following results should the nurse expect to see?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: pH below 7.35. In metabolic acidosis, there is a decrease in pH due to an excess of acid or a loss of bicarbonate ions. A pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis.
Choices B and C are incorrect because in metabolic acidosis, the pH is below the normal range of 7.35-7.45, and the bicarbonate (HCO3-) level is typically below 24 mEq/L rather than above 28 mEq/L.
Choice D is incorrect as an elevated PaCO2 (respiratory acidosis) is not typically seen in metabolic acidosis.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing a client who has AIDS for discharge. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the discharge instructions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prevent the spread of infection with good household cleaning practices. The nurse should include this statement in the discharge instructions because individuals with AIDS have weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections. Good household cleaning practices can help prevent the spread of infections to the client and others.
Incorrect choices:
B: Limit handwashing to once a day to avoid skin damage - This is incorrect as frequent handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infections.
C: Avoid sharing towels with other people in the household - This is incorrect as sharing towels can lead to the transmission of infections.
D: Do not disinfect surfaces in the home with bleach - This is incorrect as disinfecting surfaces with bleach is important to kill harmful pathogens.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a group of newly licensed nurses on effective techniques for counseling clients about sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because asking about the client's exposure to any past or present STIs is crucial for effective counseling. Understanding the client's history helps in assessing risk factors, determining appropriate interventions, and providing tailored education. It also promotes trust and open communication.
Choice B is incorrect as advising clients not to disclose their sexual history hinders the nurse's ability to provide comprehensive care and support.
Choice C is incorrect because focusing only on present symptoms may overlook important information needed for proper assessment and management.
Choice D is incorrect as only asking about high-risk behavior limits the scope of the assessment and may miss potential risk factors.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching a class about preventive care to clients who are at risk for acquiring viral hepatitis. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the presentation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Food should be prepared with purified water. Hepatitis A virus can be spread through contaminated water or food. Using purified water for food preparation can help prevent the transmission of the virus.
Choice A is incorrect because avoiding foods prepared with tap water alone may not be sufficient to prevent hepatitis.
Choice B is incorrect as there is no vaccination available for hepatitis C.
Choice C is important for general hygiene but may not specifically prevent hepatitis transmission.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has HIV. Which of the following laboratory values is the nurse's priority?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: CD4-T-cell count 180 cells/mm3. In HIV care, monitoring the CD4-T-cell count is crucial as it reflects the immune system's ability to fight infections. A low CD4 count indicates a weakened immune system, increasing the client's susceptibility to opportunistic infections. This value guides treatment decisions, such as initiating antiretroviral therapy. The other options, while important, do not directly reflect the client's immune status in the context of HIV. Hemoglobin and platelet counts are relevant for assessing anemia and clotting function, respectively. White blood cell count is a general indicator of infection or inflammation. Prioritizing CD4-T-cell count ensures appropriate management of HIV and prevention of complications.