ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reviewing medication for a patient with a recent myocardial infarction. The physician has prescribed aspirin. What is the primary purpose of this medication in this context?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The primary purpose of prescribing aspirin for a patient with a recent myocardial infarction is to prevent further clot formation. Aspirin is a common antiplatelet medication that inhibits platelet aggregation, reducing the risk of blood clot formation in the arteries. This is crucial in preventing complications such as further heart attacks or strokes.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because aspirin is not primarily used for alleviating headaches, reducing fever, or acting as an antiviral.
Therefore, the correct answer is D as it directly addresses the therapeutic goal of preventing clotting in cardiovascular patients.
Question 2 of 5
Which organ is primarily responsible for excretion of a medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kidneys. The kidneys are primarily responsible for excreting medications from the body through urine. They filter the blood, removing waste products and excess substances, including medications. The pancreas (choice
B) is responsible for producing digestive enzymes, not excreting medications. The gallbladder (choice
C) stores bile produced by the liver to aid in digestion, not excretion. The liver (choice
D) metabolizes medications but does not directly excrete them.
Question 3 of 5
What is the fastest route for medication administration?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: IV (intravenous). IV administration provides the fastest route for medication delivery as it bypasses the digestive system and goes directly into the bloodstream for immediate systemic circulation. This results in rapid onset of action, making it ideal for emergency situations or when quick therapeutic effects are needed. Subcutaneous (
A), by mouth (
B), and intramuscular (
D) routes have slower absorption rates compared to IV, hence not as fast.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for aluminum hydroxide to treat heartburn. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for and report which of the following adverse reactions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Constipation. Aluminum hydroxide is known to cause constipation as a common adverse reaction due to its antacid properties. It works by neutralizing stomach acid, which can slow down the movement of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to constipation. The other options, such as flatulence, headache, and palpitations, are not commonly associated with aluminum hydroxide use. Constipation should be monitored for and reported to healthcare providers to prevent complications.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer Regular insulin to a client with a blood glucose of 265. What action should the nurse take to determine the correct dose?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because reviewing the Regular insulin sliding scale in the patient's electronic medical record is essential to determine the correct dose based on the client's current blood glucose level of 265. The sliding scale provides specific instructions on how much insulin to administer based on the blood glucose level at that moment. This individualized approach ensures that the client receives the appropriate dose to bring their blood glucose levels within the target range. Reviewing previous blood glucose levels (choice
A) or previous insulin administration doses (choice
D) may not reflect the current situation and could lead to an incorrect dose.
Choice B is incorrect as it is crucial to always verify the dose before administering insulin.