ATI RN
ATI RN pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reviewing a client's intake and output and notes the following: 0.9% sodium chloride 600 mL IV infusion, cefazolin 250 mg in dextrose 5% in water 100 mL intermittent IV bolus, 200 mL emesis, 40 mL voided urine, and 20 mL urine from straight catheterization. The nurse should record the difference between the intake and output as how many mL?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 440 mL.
To calculate the difference between intake and output, add up all the intake (600 mL + 100 mL = 700 mL) and subtract the total output (200 mL + 40 mL + 20 mL = 260 mL).
Therefore, the difference is 700 mL - 260 mL = 440 mL. This is the correct calculation because it considers all the fluid inputs (IV infusions) and outputs (emesis, voided urine, catheterized urine).
Choice A (430 mL) is incorrect because it does not consider all the fluid inputs and outputs.
Choice C (450 mL) is incorrect because it overestimates the difference by including additional fluid that was not accounted for.
Choice D (460 mL) is incorrect because it overestimates the difference by including additional fluid that was not accounted for.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to obtain a health history from a newly admitted client. Which of the following information should the nurse expect to include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Health habits. When obtaining a health history, it is essential for the nurse to gather information about the client's health habits such as diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep patterns. This information helps in assessing the client's overall health status, identifying potential risk factors, and developing appropriate care plans. Laboratory results (
A) and physical examination findings (
B) are important components of the assessment but are typically obtained after the health history. Observed client behaviors (
D) are subjective and may not provide a comprehensive understanding of the client's health.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer an infusion of packed RBCs through a peripheral IV catheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ensure that the IV tubing has an in-line filter. When administering packed RBCs through a peripheral IV catheter, it is crucial to use IV tubing with an in-line filter to prevent any potential infusion-related complications such as embolism or filtering out any clots or debris present in the blood product. Priming the IV tubing with lactated Ringer's (choice
A) is unnecessary and does not directly relate to the safe administration of packed RBCs. Using a 24-gauge IV catheter (choice
B) may not be appropriate for blood transfusions as it can lead to hemolysis and increased risk of clotting. Changing the tubing every 2 hours (choice
D) is not a standard practice for packed RBC transfusions unless specified by institutional policy or manufacturer's guidelines.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to provide foot care for a client who is ambulatory. Identify the sequence of steps the nurse should follow when performing foot care.
Correct Answer: B,C,E,D,A
Rationale: The correct sequence for providing foot care to an ambulatory client is as follows:
B: Assist the client into a sitting position in a chair - Ensures client comfort and accessibility for foot care.
C: Soak the client's feet in warm water - Helps soften calluses and relaxes the client.
E: Rub callused areas of the client's feet using a washcloth - Allows for gentle exfoliation.
D: Apply lotion to the client's feet - Moisturizes and nourishes the skin.
A: Gently dry the client's feet and areas between the toes with a towel - Completes the foot care process.
Incorrect choices:
C: Soaking the feet first allows for better callus removal, so applying lotion before this step would be less effective.
E: Rubbing callused areas should be done after soaking to avoid harsh exfoliation on dry skin.
D: Applying lotion before exfoliation can hinder the removal of dead skin cells.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing preoperative teaching about using an incentive spirometer for a client. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hold your breath for 2 to 3 seconds when using the incentive spirometer. This instruction is vital as it allows the lungs to fully expand and helps in improving lung function. Holding the breath for a few seconds helps to recruit more alveoli and increase oxygenation.
A: Placing the head of the bed flat is incorrect as it may hinder the effectiveness of the incentive spirometer.
C: Using the incentive spirometer every 3 hours while awake is not accurate. It is recommended to use it every hour while awake.
D: Breathing in through the nose is incorrect as the incentive spirometer is designed to be used with a mouthpiece for optimal results.