ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2023 IV Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who reports smoking 3 packs of cigarettes per day and has a prescription for nicotine gum. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A - Chew the gum slowly over 30 minutes.
Rationale: Chewing nicotine gum slowly over 30 minutes allows for proper absorption of nicotine through the oral mucosa, mimicking the slow release of nicotine from smoking. This helps reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms effectively.
Summary of incorrect choices:
B: Do not chew more than 40 pieces of gum per day - While there is a recommended maximum amount of nicotine gum per day, this specific instruction does not address proper chewing technique.
C: Allow 9 months for the gum to achieve the therapeutic effect - This is inaccurate as nicotine gum provides immediate relief from cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
D: Drink a glass of water 5 minutes before chewing the gum - While staying hydrated is important, this instruction does not directly relate to the proper use of nicotine gum.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is interviewing a client who was newly admitted prior to administering medications. The client tells the nurse, 'I forgot to tell the doctor I take albuterol for asthma.' For which of the following medications should the nurse withhold the dose and notify the provider?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Propranolol. Albuterol is a beta-2 agonist used for asthma, which can interact with beta-blockers like propranolol, potentially causing severe bronchospasm and respiratory distress. The nurse should withhold the dose and notify the provider to avoid this dangerous interaction. Isosorbide mononitrate (
A) is a nitrate used for angina, not contraindicated with albuterol. Pantoprazole (
B) is a proton pump inhibitor for acid reflux, unrelated to albuterol. Montelukast (
C) is a leukotriene receptor antagonist for asthma, not contraindicated with albuterol.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has muscarinic agonist poisoning. Following administration of atropine, which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the treatment has been effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Heart rate 90/min. Atropine is given to treat muscarinic agonist poisoning by blocking the effects of excessive acetylcholine, which slows down the heart rate.
Therefore, if the heart rate increases to a more normal range like 90/min after atropine administration, it indicates that the treatment has been effective in reversing the toxic effects. The other choices are incorrect because hyperactive bowel sounds (
A) and increased salivation (
D) are symptoms of muscarinic agonist poisoning that atropine would aim to reduce. Similarly, low blood pressure (
C) is a common symptom of muscarinic agonist poisoning and atropine would aim to increase blood pressure by reversing the effects of excessive acetylcholine.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client prior to administering morphine. Which of the following findings indicates the nurse should withhold the morphine and contact the provider?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Crackles in the lungs. Crackles indicate potential fluid accumulation in the lungs, which could be a sign of pulmonary edema. Morphine is a respiratory depressant and can worsen respiratory function, leading to respiratory distress in a client with pulmonary edema. Urinary retention (
A) is a common side effect of opioids but does not necessitate withholding morphine. Respiratory rate of 16/min (
B) is within the normal range. Heart rate of 68/min (
D) is also within normal limits.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is administering midazolam to a client who is undergoing an endoscopic procedure. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following as an adverse effect of the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respiratory depression. Midazolam is a sedative-hypnotic medication that can cause respiratory depression, especially when given in higher doses or in combination with other central nervous system depressants. The nurse should monitor the client closely for signs of respiratory distress, such as decreased respiratory rate, shallow breathing, or oxygen desaturation. Respiratory depression can lead to hypoxia and respiratory arrest if not promptly recognized and managed. Ringing in the ears (
B), increased blood pressure (
C), and urinary retention (
D) are not common adverse effects of midazolam. Monitoring for these symptoms would not be a priority when administering midazolam.