Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Performing exercises to improve balance and coordination is essential for clients with Parkinson's disease to maintain mobility, reduce fall risk, and manage motor symptoms like bradykinesia and rigidity.
Choice B is incorrect because Parkinson's medications (e.g., levodopa) are typically taken during the day on a strict schedule to control symptoms, not at bedtime, which may disrupt sleep.
Choice C is incorrect because high-protein meals can interfere with levodopa absorption, so they should be spaced out from medication doses, not avoided entirely.
Choice D is incorrect because a heating pad may not effectively relieve Parkinson's-related muscle stiffness and could cause burns if sensation is impaired.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale:
Choice A is wrong because placing a yellow bracelet on a client who is at risk for falls is not malpractice, but rather a safety measure. A yellow bracelet indicates that the client needs assistance with mobility and should not be left alone. This is a common practice in many health care facilities to prevent falls and injuries.
Choice B is wrong because leaving a nasogastric tube clamped after administering oral medication is not malpractice, but rather a mistake. A nasogastric tube is a tube that goes through the nose and into the stomach to deliver nutrition or medication. It should be unclamped after giving oral medication to allow the medication to enter the stomach and prevent reflux or aspiration. However, this error does not rise to the level of malpractice unless it causes harm to the patient, such as vomiting, choking, or infection. This is because potassium is a medication that can cause cardiac arrest if given too quickly or in high doses. A nurse who administers potassium via IV bolus is not providing the standard of care that a similarly trained nurse would have offered under the same circumstances. This could result in harm or death to the patient.
Choice D is wrong because documenting communication with a provider in the progress notes of the client's medical record is not malpractice, but rather a good practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A barrel-shaped chest is a common finding in COPD due to chronic hyperinflation of the lungs, causing the chest to appear rounded and the anteroposterior diameter to increase.
Choice B is incorrect because COPD typically causes tachypnea (rapid breathing) as the body compensates for reduced oxygen exchange, not bradypnea.
Choice C is incorrect because, while clubbing of fingers can occur in advanced COPD with chronic hypoxia, it is less common and not a primary finding.
Choice D is incorrect because weight loss, not weight gain, is typical in COPD due to increased metabolic demand and difficulty eating from dyspnea.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Expecting a mild headache as a side effect is correct, as nitroglycerin causes vasodilation, which can lead to headaches; clients should be informed this is common and manageable with acetaminophen if needed.
Choice A is incorrect because, while taking up to three doses 5 minutes apart is correct, the nurse should also instruct the client to seek emergency care if pain persists after three doses.
Choice B is incorrect because nitroglycerin should be stored in a cool, dark place in its original container to maintain potency, not a warm, dry place.
Choice C is incorrect because nitroglycerin sublingual tablets are placed under the tongue to dissolve, not swallowed, for rapid absorption.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bruising at the IV site with heparin suggests bleeding, requiring provider notification. Normal blood pressure, urine output, and heart rate are not urgent.