ATI RN
RN ATI Adult Medsurg Proctored Exam 2023 With NGN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has neutropenia and is receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A, C
Rationale: The correct answers are A and C. Neutropenia and chemotherapy increase the risk of infection. Avoiding crowds (
A) reduces exposure to infectious agents. Taking temperature daily (
C) helps detect early signs of infection. Washing toothbrush weekly (
B) is important but daily is recommended. Eating fresh fruits and vegetables (
D) is beneficial but may pose infection risk.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is monitoring a client following a lumbar laminectomy. The client has a drain and indwelling urinary catheter. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication of a complication of the surgery?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clear drainage on the dressings. Clear drainage may indicate a cerebrospinal fluid leak, which is a serious complication following a lumbar laminectomy. Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, and its leakage can lead to infection and other complications. Red-tinged drainage (choice
A) may be expected initially due to surgical trauma. Cloudy urine in the catheter (choice
B) is more likely related to urinary tract infection. Mild back pain at the surgical site (choice
D) is common after this surgery and does not necessarily indicate a complication.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is inspecting the skin of a client who has basal cell carcinoma. The nurse should identify which of the following lesion characteristics on the clients skin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A pearly, waxy nodule. Basal cell carcinoma typically presents as a pearly, waxy nodule on the skin. This characteristic appearance is due to the growth of abnormal cells in the basal cell layer of the skin. The nodule may also have small blood vessels visible on its surface. This presentation is distinct from other skin lesions.
Choice B, a scaly red patch, is more indicative of conditions like psoriasis or eczema.
Choice C, a dark irregular mole, is more suggestive of melanoma.
Choice D, a firm, painless lump, is more characteristic of conditions like lipomas or fibromas. Thus, the correct answer is A based on the specific characteristics of basal cell carcinoma.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is analyzing the ABG results of a client who is in respiratory acidosis. Which of the following mechanisms should the nurse identify as responsible for this acid-base imbalance?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Retention of carbon dioxide. In respiratory acidosis, the lungs are unable to eliminate enough carbon dioxide, leading to an increase in CO2 levels in the blood, causing acidosis. This is due to inadequate ventilation or impaired gas exchange. The other options are incorrect because:
B) Loss of bicarbonate is seen in metabolic acidosis, not respiratory acidosis.
C) Excessive vomiting leads to metabolic alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis.
D) Hyperventilation would actually correct respiratory acidosis by decreasing CO2 levels.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increase water intake and use bulk-forming laxatives. This is because increasing water intake helps soften stool, making it easier to pass, and bulk-forming laxatives add bulk to stool, aiding in bowel movements for individuals with IBS-C. Stimulant laxatives (
A) can lead to dependency and worsen symptoms. Avoiding fiber-rich foods (
B) can exacerbate constipation. Eating a low-carbohydrate diet (
D) may not directly address the constipation associated with IBS-C.