ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has a history of recurring calcium oxalate kidney stones. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Drink 3 L of fluid every day. Adequate fluid intake helps to dilute urine, reducing the concentration of calcium and oxalate, which are the main components of kidney stones. This instruction can help prevent the formation of new stones. Increasing calcium intake (
Choice
A) may actually be beneficial as it can bind with oxalate in the intestines, reducing its absorption and subsequent excretion in the urine. Avoiding foods high in potassium (
Choice
B) is not directly related to preventing calcium oxalate stones. Limiting vitamin C intake (
Choice
D) is not necessary unless the client is taking excessive amounts of vitamin C supplements, which can increase oxalate levels.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Excessive thrombosis and bleeding. In DIC, there is a widespread activation of the clotting cascade leading to formation of microthrombi, causing excessive clotting. However, as the clotting factors are depleted, bleeding can occur. This results in a paradoxical situation of both thrombosis and bleeding. B is incorrect as clotting of mucous membranes is not specific to DIC. C is incorrect as platelet count is usually decreased in DIC due to consumption. D is incorrect as excessive red blood cell count is not a characteristic of DIC.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a middle adult client who has just received the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. In taking a nursing history, which of the following manifestations is likely to be reported by this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Postmenopausal bleeding. Endometrial cancer commonly presents with postmenopausal bleeding as a key manifestation due to abnormal growth of the endometrial tissue. This occurs because the cancerous cells disrupt the normal shedding process of the endometrium, leading to bleeding after menopause. Weight loss (
B) is often associated with advanced stages of cancer, but it is not a specific early manifestation of endometrial cancer. Increased appetite (
C) and abnormal hair growth (
D) are not typically associated with endometrial cancer.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is admitting a client who has active tuberculosis to a room on a medical-surgical unit. Which of the following room assignments should the nurse make for the client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A room with air exhaust directly to the outdoor environment. This is the appropriate room assignment for a client with active tuberculosis because it helps prevent the spread of airborne infectious particles. The air exhaust system ensures that contaminated air is not recirculated within the unit, reducing the risk of transmission to other patients and staff.
Choice B (A room with a ventilated ceiling fan) is incorrect because a ceiling fan does not provide sufficient ventilation to prevent the spread of tuberculosis.
Choice C (A room with a window and curtains that close) is also incorrect as it does not address the need for proper ventilation and containment of infectious particles.
Choice D (A shared room with other tuberculosis clients) is clearly incorrect as it would increase the risk of transmission among the clients.
In summary, the correct room assignment for a client with active tuberculosis should prioritize containment and ventilation to minimize the risk of spreading the infection to others.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of exposure to TB and symptoms of night sweats and hemoptysis. Which of the following tests should the nurse realize is the most reliable to confirm the diagnosis of active pulmonary TB?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sputum culture for acid-fast bacillus. This test is the most reliable for confirming active pulmonary TB because it directly detects the presence of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria in the sputum sample. Bronchoscopy (
A) may help visualize the airways but does not definitively confirm TB. Chest X-ray (
B) can show characteristic findings suggestive of TB but cannot confirm the diagnosis. TB skin test (
C) indicates exposure but not active disease. Sputum culture is the gold standard for diagnosing TB, as it allows for definitive identification of the bacteria.