ATI RN
ATI Capstone Exam 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is presenting a community-based program about HIV and AIDS. A client asks the nurse to describe the initial symptoms experienced with HIV infection. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the explanation of initial symptoms?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Flu-like symptoms and night sweats. Initial symptoms of HIV infection often present as flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and night sweats. This is known as acute retroviral syndrome and occurs within the first few weeks after exposure to the virus. These symptoms are nonspecific and can easily be mistaken for other common illnesses. Fungal and bacterial infections (
B), Pneumocystis lung infection (
C), and Kaposi’s sarcoma (
D) are not initial symptoms of HIV infection. Fungal and bacterial infections typically occur in later stages of HIV when the immune system is severely compromised. Pneumocystis lung infection and Kaposi’s sarcoma are opportunistic infections seen in advanced stages of HIV, usually when the CD4 count is significantly low.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is 1 day postoperative following a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. While assessing the client, the nurse notes a large area of clear drainage seeping from the nasal packing. Which of the following should be the nurse’s initial action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct initial action is to check the drainage for glucose (
Choice
A). This is crucial because clear drainage after a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy may indicate a cerebrospinal fluid leak, which can be confirmed by the presence of glucose in the drainage. If glucose is present, it suggests leakage of cerebrospinal fluid and requires immediate intervention to prevent complications such as infection and meningitis. The other options (B, C, and
D) are not the most appropriate initial actions. Notifying the provider, documenting the amount of drainage, or obtaining a culture can be important steps but should come after confirming the presence of glucose to address the immediate concern of a potential cerebrospinal fluid leak.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has hypothyroidism. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Rationale: Hypothyroidism is characterized by decreased thyroid hormone levels, leading to symptoms such as lethargy due to slowed metabolism. Exophthalmos (bulging eyes) is associated with hyperthyroidism. Photophobia (sensitivity to light) is not a common symptom of hypothyroidism. Weight loss is more indicative of hyperthyroidism due to increased metabolism.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: Lethargy, as it aligns with the expected findings in hypothyroidism.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is admitting a client who has pertussis. Which of the following types of transmission-based precautions should the nurse initiate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Droplet precautions. Pertussis is primarily spread through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. Droplet precautions involve wearing a mask and eye protection to prevent transmission through these droplets. Airborne precautions are for diseases spread through small particles, contact precautions are for direct physical contact, and protective precautions are not a standard type of transmission-based precaution. Droplet precautions are the most appropriate choice for pertussis to prevent the spread of the infection to others.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a continuous IV infusion of heparin. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Check the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) every 6 hours. This is crucial to monitor the therapeutic effect of heparin, ensuring the client's blood does not become too thin or too thick. Regular aPTT monitoring helps adjust the heparin infusion rate to maintain the desired anticoagulant effect.
Explanation of why other choices are incorrect:
A: Administering a large dose of heparin by IV bolus is dangerous and can lead to bleeding complications. Incorrect.
B: Having vitamin K available is not specifically related to managing heparin therapy. Incorrect.
C: Using tubing specific for heparin is important but is not the priority action in this scenario. Incorrect.