ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is presenting a community-based program about HIV and AIDS. A client asks the nurse to describe the initial symptoms experienced with HIV infection. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the explanation of initial symptoms?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Flu-like symptoms and night sweats. Initial symptoms of HIV infection often resemble flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and night sweats. This occurs because the virus is rapidly replicating in the body and the immune system is reacting to it. The other choices, abdominal cramps and diarrhea (
A), persistent cough and chest pain (
B), and severe fatigue and weight loss (
D), are more commonly associated with later stages of HIV infection or other conditions.
Therefore, the nurse should include flu-like symptoms and night sweats in the explanation of initial symptoms to accurately inform the client.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing a client for radiation after a mastectomy. What adverse effect should be expected?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fatigue. Radiation therapy often causes fatigue due to its impact on healthy cells surrounding the treatment area. This can result in decreased energy levels and overall tiredness. Alopecia (
A) is more commonly associated with chemotherapy. Diarrhea (
B) is a potential side effect of certain chemotherapy drugs or radiation to the abdominal area. Weight gain (
D) is not a typical adverse effect of radiation therapy.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has HIV. Which of the following laboratory values is the nurse's priority?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: CD4-T-cell count 180 cells/mm3. In HIV, monitoring CD4-T-cell count is crucial as it reflects the immune system's ability to fight infections. A low CD4 count indicates immunosuppression, increasing the risk of opportunistic infections.
Therefore, it is the nurse's priority to monitor and ensure the CD4 count remains above critical levels to prevent complications.
Other choices are incorrect because:
B: White blood cell count is important but not as specific to HIV management.
C: Hemoglobin level is important for assessing anemia but not a priority in HIV care.
D: Platelet count is important for clotting but not directly related to HIV progression.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is admitting a client who has a serum calcium level of 12.3 mg/dL and initiates cardiac monitoring. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect during the initial assessment?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lethargy. A serum calcium level of 12.3 mg/dL indicates hypercalcemia. In hypercalcemia, calcium affects the central nervous system, leading to lethargy, weakness, and confusion. Lethargy is a common early symptom of hypercalcemia. Hypertension is not typically associated with hypercalcemia. Muscle spasms are more common in hypocalcemia. Severe agitation is not a typical manifestation of hypercalcemia.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching about a heart healthy diet to a group of clients with hypertension. Which of the following statements by one of the clients indicates a need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I may eat 10 ounces of lean protein each day." This statement indicates a need for further teaching because consuming 10 ounces of lean protein daily may lead to excessive protein intake, which can strain the kidneys and potentially worsen hypertension. Clients with hypertension should limit protein intake and focus on lean sources in moderation.
Choices B, C, and D are correct as they align with a heart-healthy diet by limiting sodium intake, increasing fruits and vegetables, and avoiding fried foods and processed meats, respectively.