ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is presenting a community-based program about HIV and AIDS. A client asks the nurse to describe the initial symptoms experienced with HIV infection. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the explanation of initial symptoms?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Flu-like symptoms and night sweats. Initial symptoms of HIV infection often resemble flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and night sweats. This occurs because the virus is rapidly replicating in the body and the immune system is reacting to it. The other choices, abdominal cramps and diarrhea (
A), persistent cough and chest pain (
B), and severe fatigue and weight loss (
D), are more commonly associated with later stages of HIV infection or other conditions.
Therefore, the nurse should include flu-like symptoms and night sweats in the explanation of initial symptoms to accurately inform the client.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is implementing a plan of care for a client who has AIDS with recurring pneumonia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Obtain a sputum culture. This is essential to identify the specific pathogen causing the pneumonia in the client with AIDS. By identifying the pathogen, appropriate antibiotic therapy can be initiated promptly. Administering a chest X-ray (
B) may help in evaluating the extent of pneumonia but does not address the underlying cause. Monitoring for fever (
C) is important but does not provide specific information needed for targeted treatment. Providing oxygen therapy (
D) may be necessary but does not address the root cause of the pneumonia.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who reports a new onset of severe chest pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to determine if the client is experiencing a myocardial infarction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perform a 12-lead ECG. This is because an ECG is the most reliable and direct way to assess for myocardial infarction by identifying characteristic changes in the heart's electrical activity. Nitroglycerin (
B) is used to relieve chest pain but should not be administered before confirming the diagnosis. Placing the client in a prone position (
C) is not appropriate for assessing chest pain. Assessing blood pressure (
D) is important but not the initial priority when suspecting myocardial infarction.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has advanced lung cancer. The client's provider has recommended hospice services for the client. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a correct understanding of hospice care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A - "I should expect the hospice team to help me manage my dyspnea."
Rationale: Hospice care focuses on providing comfort and quality of life for patients with terminal illnesses, such as advanced lung cancer. Dyspnea (difficulty breathing) is a common symptom in lung cancer patients, and the hospice team is trained to provide symptom management and relief. By acknowledging the role of the hospice team in managing dyspnea, the client demonstrates an understanding of the palliative nature of hospice care.
Summary of other choices:
B: "I will receive chemotherapy to treat my cancer." - Hospice care does not aim to cure the underlying illness but rather focuses on comfort and quality of life.
C: "I will be admitted to the hospital for further treatment." - Hospice care is typically provided in the comfort of the patient's own home or a hospice facility, not in a hospital setting for further treatment.
D: "I will receive radiation therapy
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is establishing health promotion goals for a female client who smokes cigarettes, has hypertension, and has a BMI of 26. Which of the following goals should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The client will walk for 30 min 5 days a week. Walking is a feasible and effective form of exercise for overall health promotion. It helps improve cardiovascular health, which is important for someone with hypertension. It also aids in weight management, addressing the client's elevated BMI. Additionally, it can assist in smoking cessation efforts by reducing cravings and stress. Quitting smoking (choice
B) is crucial but may require a longer timeline. Reducing BMI to 22 in 6 months (choice
C) may be too aggressive and unrealistic. Eating low-fat meals (choice
D) is beneficial but focusing solely on diet may not address the client's overall health needs.