ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to mix short-acting insulin with NPH insulin from two vials. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Rationale: Option A is correct because when mixing short-acting insulin with NPH insulin, air should be injected into the NPH insulin vial first to prevent creating a vacuum. This allows for easier withdrawal of the short-acting insulin. Injecting air into the short-acting insulin vial could lead to contamination of the insulin. Option B is incorrect because insulin should be administered within 5-10 minutes of mixing, not 20. Option C is incorrect since the short-acting insulin should be drawn into the syringe first to avoid contamination. Option D is incorrect as using two separate syringes is unnecessary and increases the risk of dosing errors.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the list of current medications for a client who has a new prescription for nitroglycerin. The nurse should identify that which of the following client medications is contraindicated for use with nitroglycerin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sildenafil. Nitroglycerin and sildenafil both cause vasodilation and together can lead to severe hypotension. Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor used for erectile dysfunction. Gemfibrozil is a lipid-lowering agent, Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor, and Diazepam is a benzodiazepine, none of which have significant interactions with nitroglycerin.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the medication administration record for a client who has cancer and is receiving morphine via a PCA pump. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse clarify with the provider?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nalbuphine. The nurse should clarify this prescription because nalbuphine is an opioid analgesic antagonist. Co-administration with morphine, an opioid agonist, can lead to decreased analgesic effects and potential opioid withdrawal symptoms. Acetaminophen (
B) is a non-opioid analgesic and does not interact significantly with morphine. Ondansetron (
C) is an antiemetic commonly used with opioids to prevent nausea and vomiting. Insulin glargine (
D) is a long-acting insulin used to manage diabetes and does not have a direct interaction with morphine.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has started taking theophylline. Which of the following client findings should indicate to the nurse that the medication is effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decreased wheezing. Theophylline is a bronchodilator used to treat respiratory conditions like asthma by relaxing the muscles in the airways. When theophylline is effective, it helps to open up the airways, leading to decreased wheezing. This indicates improved airflow and better respiratory function. Increased blood pressure (
A) is not a direct indication of theophylline effectiveness. Decreased urine output (
C) could suggest dehydration or kidney issues, not necessarily related to theophylline. Increased level of consciousness (
D) is a general assessment parameter and not specific to theophylline effectiveness.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who is taking phenelzine and reports eating aged cheese. Which of the following is a manifestation of an interaction between the medication and the food?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypertension. Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) that can interact with tyramine-rich foods like aged cheese, leading to hypertensive crisis. Tyramine can displace norepinephrine, causing a sudden increase in blood pressure. Somnolence (choice
A) is a common side effect of phenelzine but not related to the interaction with aged cheese. Diarrhea (choice
B) is not a typical manifestation of this interaction. Bradycardia (choice
C) is not associated with the MAOI and aged cheese interaction.