ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Proctored Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to initiate IV therapy for a client. Which of the following sites should the nurse use to place the peripheral IV catheter?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nondominant dorsal venous arch. This site is ideal for peripheral IV catheter placement due to its ease of access and lower risk of complications such as nerve damage or infiltration. The dorsal venous arch is a superficial vein that is typically easy to visualize and palpate, making it a safe and effective choice for IV therapy initiation. Choosing the nondominant hand reduces the risk of interference with daily activities. The other choices are incorrect because the dominant hand should be avoided to prevent disruption of daily tasks, the distal dorsal vein is not a recommended site due to higher risk of injury, and the antecubital vein is not ideal for peripheral IV catheter placement due to higher risk of complications and discomfort for the client.
Extract:
Provider Prescriptions 1230:
0.9% sodium chloride 500 mL bolus then 100 mL/hr.
Type and cross match for 2 units of packed RBCs.
Repeat WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit STAT.
Delay endoscopy.
2L/min O, via nasal cannula,
1330:
2 units packed RBCs IV over 4 hr.
Repeat WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit at transfusion completion
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is ready to begin the blood transfusion. For each potential nursing action, click to specify if the action is indicated or not indicated for the client.
| Nursing Action | Indicated | Not Indicated |
|---|---|---|
| Document the blood product transfusion in the client's medical record. | ||
| Stay with the client for the first 15 min of the transfusion. | ||
| Titrate the rate of infusion to maintain the client's blood pressure at least 90/60 mm Hg. | ||
| Obtain the first unit of packed RBCs from the blood bank. | ||
| Start an IV bolus of lactated Ringer's solution. |
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Step 1: Stay with the client for the first 15 min of the transfusion : This action is crucial to monitor the client for any immediate adverse reactions during the initial phase of the transfusion.
Step 2: Document the blood product transfusion in the client's medical record (Not Indicated): While documentation is important, it is not the immediate priority compared to staying with the client for monitoring.
Step 3: Titrate the rate of infusion to maintain the client's blood pressure at least 90/60 mm Hg (Not Indicated): Although monitoring blood pressure is important, titrating the rate is not the initial action needed during the first 15 min.
Step 4: Obtain the first unit of packed RBCs from the blood bank (Not Indicated): This is a necessary step before starting the transfusion but is not related to the immediate monitoring of the client.
In summary, staying with the client for the first 15 min of the transf
Extract:
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is mixing regular insulin and NPH insulin in the same syringe prior to administering it to a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The nurse should first inject air into the NPH vial before withdrawing the insulin. This step ensures proper pressure within the vial, making it easier to withdraw the desired dose without creating a vacuum. Injecting air into the regular insulin vial first could lead to contamination as air bubbles may be pushed into the insulin. Withdrawing either insulin first could result in an inaccurate dose. Injecting air into both vials is unnecessary and may increase the risk of contamination.
Therefore, injecting air into the NPH insulin vial is the first essential step in preparing the mixed insulin correctly.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who requires treatment for high cholesterol. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse expect to administer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Colesevelam (Welchol). Colesevelam is a bile acid sequestrant used to lower cholesterol levels by binding to bile acids in the intestines, preventing their reabsorption, and promoting their excretion in the feces. This ultimately reduces the total cholesterol levels in the body. Colchicine (
A) is used to treat gout and familial Mediterranean fever, not high cholesterol. Cimetidine (
B) is an H2 blocker used to reduce stomach acid production. Chlorpromazine (
D) is an antipsychotic medication.
Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect for the treatment of high cholesterol.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse inadvertently administers 160 mg of valsartan PO to a client who was scheduled to receive 80 mg. Which of the following actions is the priority for the nurse to take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Evaluate the client for orthostatic hypotension. In this situation, the nurse administered double the prescribed dose of valsartan, which is an antihypertensive medication. Valsartan can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure, leading to orthostatic hypotension, especially at higher doses.
Therefore, the priority action for the nurse is to assess the client for signs and symptoms of orthostatic hypotension such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting. This immediate evaluation is crucial to ensure the client's safety and well-being.
Other choices are incorrect because:
B: Monitoring urine output is not the priority in this scenario as the issue at hand is related to a potential adverse effect of the medication.
C: Obtaining laboratory results is not the immediate action needed in response to the medication error.
D: Checking for nasal congestion is not relevant to the situation and does not address the potential adverse effects of the