ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2023 II Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer total parenteral nutrition to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Keep the solution refrigerated until 1 hr before infusion.
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a sterile solution that should be kept refrigerated to maintain its sterility. It should be taken out of the refrigerator about 1 hour before infusion to allow it to reach room temperature and prevent discomfort to the client. Checking the client's WBC count daily (
B) is not directly related to administering TPN. Changing the solution every 36 hours (
C) is not necessary unless contamination is suspected. Obtaining the client's weight three times a week (
D) is important for monitoring the effectiveness of TPN but not a preparation step.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is monitoring a client's peripheral IV infusion of a vesicant medication and observes swelling and coolness of the skin at the insertion site. After stopping the infusion, which of the following actions should the nurse take next?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Remove the IV catheter. Swelling and coolness at the insertion site indicate extravasation, which is the leakage of vesicant medication into the surrounding tissue, causing potential tissue damage. Removing the IV catheter immediately helps prevent further infiltration and tissue injury. Notifying the provider (
A) can be done after removing the catheter. Applying warm compress (
B) is incorrect as it can increase the absorption of the vesicant and worsen tissue damage. Aspirating fluid (
C) may not be effective in removing the medication from the tissue.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who develops an anaphylactic reaction to antibiotic administration. After assessing the client's respiratory status and stopping the medication infusion, which of the following actions should the nurse take next?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Administer epinephrine IM. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylactic reactions as it helps to reverse the symptoms rapidly by constricting blood vessels and relaxing airway muscles. It is crucial in preventing further complications such as severe respiratory distress and cardiovascular collapse. Giving diphenhydramine (choice
A) can help with itching or hives but is not as effective in treating the life-threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis. Elevating the client's legs and feet (choice
B) is not the priority in this emergency situation. Replacing the infusion with 0.9% sodium chloride (choice
D) does not address the immediate need to counteract the anaphylactic reaction.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a prescription for total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "You will receive TPN through a central vein." This is because TPN is a form of nutrition that is administered directly into the bloodstream through a central vein to provide essential nutrients when a client is unable to tolerate oral or enteral feedings. Administering TPN through a central vein allows for rapid absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
Choice A is incorrect because TPN is not specifically indicated for low platelet count.
Choice C is incorrect because TPN is not used to treat high glucose levels.
Choice D is incorrect because the duration of TPN administration varies based on the client's condition and needs, and it is not always given for 6 months.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for nitroglycerin sublingual tablets for treating angina. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Place the tablet under the tongue until dissolved. This is the correct instruction for taking nitroglycerin sublingual tablets because sublingual administration allows for rapid absorption through the mucous membranes under the tongue, leading to quick relief of angina symptoms. Placing the tablet under the tongue until dissolved ensures proper absorption and effectiveness of the medication.
Rationale for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Call 911 if pain persists 30 minutes after taking one tablet - This instruction is incorrect because nitroglycerin is a fast-acting medication, and if the pain persists for 30 minutes, the client may require additional doses or medical attention before that time.
B: Take a tablet every 10 minutes until the pain subsides - This instruction is incorrect because taking multiple tablets in a short period can lead to an overdose and severe hypotension.
D: Store the tablets in a refrigerator in a plastic container - This instruction is incorrect because nitroglycer