ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2023 II Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 4
A nurse is preparing to administer the varicella vaccine to a group of clients. The nurse should identify which of the following clients as having a contraindication for receiving this immunization?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: A client who has AIDS. Individuals with AIDS have weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to adverse effects from live vaccines like the varicella vaccine. Administering live vaccines to immunocompromised individuals can lead to severe complications.
Choice A is incorrect because receiving the human papillomavirus vaccine does not contraindicate receiving the varicella vaccine.
Choice B is incorrect as an allergy to eggs is not a contraindication for the varicella vaccine.
Choice D is incorrect as age and living in a long-term care facility do not contraindicate receiving the varicella vaccine.
Question 2 of 4
A nurse is assessing a client who has received oxycodone. The nurse notes that the client's respiratory rate is 8/min. The nurse should identify that which of the following is the pathophysiology for the client's respiratory rate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Oxycodone causes central nervous system depression. Oxycodone is an opioid that acts on the central nervous system, specifically the brainstem, to depress the respiratory center. This results in decreased respiratory rate. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because oxycodone does not directly affect cranial arteries, sodium channels, or prostaglandin synthesis in a way that would lead to respiratory depression. Option E is blank, but it would likely be incorrect as well since the correct answer is related to the central nervous system.
Question 3 of 4
A nurse is educating a client about pain management with opioids. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Long-term use of opioids may cause dependence. The nurse should include this information because opioids have the potential to lead to physical dependence over time, which can result in withdrawal symptoms if the medication is discontinued abruptly. It is crucial for the client to understand the risks associated with long-term opioid use to make informed decisions about their pain management.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Diarrhea is not a common adverse effect of opioids. Constipation is actually a more frequent side effect.
B: Opioids typically decrease urinary output, so this statement is incorrect.
D:
Tolerance to opioids often develops over time, requiring an increased dose rather than a decreased one.
Question 4 of 4
A nurse is preparing to administer filgrastim 5 mcg/kg/day subcutaneously to a client who weighs 143 lbs. How many mcg should the nurse administer per day? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 325
Rationale:
To calculate the correct dosage of filgrastim for the client weighing 143 lbs, we first need to convert the weight to kg by dividing it by 2.2 (1 kg = 2.2 lbs). 143 lbs / 2.2 = 65 kg.
Then, multiply the weight in kg by the dosage of 5 mcg/kg/day: 65 kg x 5 mcg/kg/day = 325 mcg/day. The correct answer is 325 mcg/day.
Summary:
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Choice A: Incorrect, as it does not provide the calculated dosage based on the client's weight and medication requirement.
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Choices B-G: Irrelevant as they do not offer a calculated dosage or provide any relevant information.
Question 5 of 4
A nurse is preparing to administer cefazolin 1 g in 0.9% sodium chloride 100 mL via intermittent IV bolus over 30 minutes. The drop factor of the manual IV tubing is 15 gtt/mL. The nurse should set the manual IV infusion to deliver how many gtt/min? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 50
Rationale:
To calculate the IV infusion rate in drops per minute (gtt/min), we can use the formula: (Volume to be infused in mL x Drop factor) / Time in minutes. In this case, the volume to be infused is 100 mL, drop factor is 15 gtt/mL, and the time is 30 minutes. Plugging these values into the formula: (100 mL x 15 gtt/mL) / 30 minutes = 1500 gtt / 30 minutes = 50 gtt/min.
Therefore, the correct answer is 50 gtt/min. This rate ensures the cefazolin is administered over the desired 30-minute timeframe. Other choices are incorrect because they do not align with the calculated rate based on the given parameters.