ATI RN
ATI RN pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer phenobarbital 30 mg PO to a client. Available is phenobarbital 20 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 7.5 mL.
To calculate this, we first determine how many 20 mg doses are in 30 mg (30 mg ÷ 20 mg = 1.5 doses).
Then, since the medication is 20 mg/5 mL, each dose is 5 mL (20 mg ÷ 5 mL = 4 mL).
Therefore, 1.5 doses x 4 mL/dose = 6 mL. However, since we need to round up to ensure the full dosage is administered, the nurse should administer 7.5 mL.
Choice A (7 mL) is incorrect as it does not provide the full dosage.
Choices C (8 mL) and D (8.5 mL) are incorrect as they exceed the necessary dosage, leading to potential overdose risks.
Question 2 of 5
A home health nurse is planning care for an older adult client who has dementia and is starting to have difficulty performing activities of daily living (ADLs). Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Request a referral for an occupational therapist. This intervention is appropriate because an occupational therapist can assess the client's abilities and provide strategies and interventions to help the client maintain independence in performing ADLs despite their dementia-related challenges. The therapist can recommend adaptive equipment, modify the environment, and teach compensatory techniques to enhance the client's functional performance.
Choice B is incorrect because relying solely on a home health aide to perform the client's ADLs does not promote the client's independence or address their specific needs and abilities.
Choice C is inappropriate as it does not consider the client's preferences, autonomy, and quality of life.
Choice D is not directly related to addressing the client's difficulty with ADLs and should be discussed with the client's healthcare provider instead.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is discussing community support services with an adult client who has cognitive disabilities and their guardian. The guardian reports that the client's need for help with activities of daily living has increased recently. Which of the following referrals is most important to promote the client's quality of life?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Occupational therapist. An occupational therapist can assess the client's abilities and living environment to provide tailored interventions to enhance independence in daily activities. This is crucial for improving the client's quality of life. Referral to a community health nurse (
A) may focus more on medical needs rather than functional abilities. Respite care provider (
B) offers temporary relief for caregivers but doesn't directly address the client's needs. While a dietician (
C) is important for overall health, it may not be the most pressing need in this situation.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is providing preoperative teaching about using an incentive spirometer for a client. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hold your breath for 2 to 3 seconds when using the incentive spirometer. This instruction is vital as it allows the lungs to fully expand and helps in improving lung function. Holding the breath for a few seconds helps to recruit more alveoli and increase oxygenation.
A: Placing the head of the bed flat is incorrect as it may hinder the effectiveness of the incentive spirometer.
C: Using the incentive spirometer every 3 hours while awake is not accurate. It is recommended to use it every hour while awake.
D: Breathing in through the nose is incorrect as the incentive spirometer is designed to be used with a mouthpiece for optimal results.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who was admitted for an exacerbation of their COPD. The client will be discharged with a new prescription for oxygen therapy and will need assistance with activities of daily living. Which of the following referrals should the nurse obtain for the client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Case manager. A case manager can coordinate care and resources for the client, such as arranging oxygen therapy equipment, home health services for assistance with activities of daily living, and follow-up appointments. A case manager can ensure continuity of care and help the client navigate the healthcare system effectively.
Choice B: Hospice care facility is incorrect as hospice care is for end-of-life care and may not be appropriate for a client with an exacerbation of COPD.
Choice C: Long term care facility is incorrect as the client may not need long-term care if the exacerbation is managed effectively.
Choice D: Pharmacist is incorrect as while important for medication management, a pharmacist may not provide the comprehensive support and coordination of care needed for a client with COPD.