ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2019 Exam 6 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer heparin subcutaneously to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take to minimize bleeding following the injection?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Grasp skin between thumb and forefinger throughout the injection. This action helps to create tension on the skin, reducing the risk of bleeding post-injection. By grasping the skin, the nurse stabilizes the site and minimizes movement, making it easier to deliver the medication accurately into the subcutaneous tissue. Massaging the site (
A) can increase bleeding, aspirating the syringe (
C) is not necessary for subcutaneous injections, and using the Z-track method (
D) is typically reserved for intramuscular injections.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer sulfadiazine 150mg/kg PO to divide equally every 6 hr to an adolescent who weighs 88 lb. Available is sulfadiazine 500 mg/tab. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose? (Round to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To calculate the dose, we first convert the weight from lb to kg (1kg = 2.2 lb). 88 lb / 2.2 = 40 kg.
Then, we multiply 150mg/kg by the weight: 150mg/kg x 40 kg = 6000 mg total dose. Next, we divide the total dose by the available dose per tablet (500 mg): 6000 mg / 500 mg = 12 tablets total. Since the dose is divided equally every 6 hours, we divide the total by the number of doses per day (24 hours / 6 hours = 4 doses per day): 12 tablets / 4 doses = 3 tablets per dose.
Therefore, the nurse should administer 3 tablets per dose.
Choice B is correct.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately calculate the correct dose based on the weight and available tablet strength.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a group of clients. Which of the following client's medications should be monitored by the nurse for hearing loss related to a medication interaction?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Furosemide and amikacin. Furosemide and amikacin are both known to have ototoxic effects that can lead to hearing loss when used together. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause ototoxicity, especially at higher doses. Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic known for its potential to cause hearing loss. When combined, the risk of ototoxicity is increased.
Therefore, the nurse should closely monitor these clients for any signs of hearing loss.
Choice A (Propranolol and raloxifene) is incorrect because neither of these medications is associated with hearing loss.
Choice C (Losartan and atorvastatin) is incorrect as these medications do not typically cause hearing loss.
Choice D (Digoxin and levothyroxine) is also incorrect as these medications are not known to be ototoxic.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching about the adverse effects of ergotamine to a client who has migraine headaches. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Paresthesias. Ergotamine, a medication used to treat migraines, can cause paresthesias (tingling or numbness) due to its vasoconstrictive effects on blood vessels. This adverse effect is important to include in teaching as it can affect the client's sensory perception. Tinnitus (
A) is not a common adverse effect of ergotamine. Blurred vision (
C) is more commonly associated with other medications like anticholinergics. Hematuria (
D) is not a typical adverse effect of ergotamine. The other choices are not relevant to the adverse effects of ergotamine and are therefore incorrect.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer insulin to a client who has diabetes mellitus. The client has a prescription for regular insulin 4 units and NPH insulin 12 units subcutaneous. Identify the steps the nurse should take when mixing the two types of insulin.
Correct Answer: D,A,B,C
Rationale: The correct steps for mixing regular and NPH insulin are as follows:
D: Inject 12 units of air into the NPH insulin vial - This step prevents a vacuum from forming in the vial.
A: Inject 4 units of air into the regular insulin vial - Balances the pressure in the vial.
B: Draw up 4 units of the regular insulin into the syringe - Withdraw the regular insulin first to avoid contamination.
C: Draw up 12 units of the NPH insulin into the syringe - Finally, draw up the NPH insulin.
These steps ensure accurate dosing and prevent contamination.
Incorrect choices:
E: No step provided.
F: No step provided.
G: No step provided.
These choices are incorrect as they do not provide any guidance on the correct procedure for mixing the two types of insulin.