ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Exam 2024 With NGN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer heparin subcutaneously to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer the medication outside the 5 cm (2 in) radius of the umbilicus. This is because injecting heparin near the umbilicus can lead to bruising or hematoma formation. Subcutaneous injections are generally given in the fatty tissue of the abdomen, but it is important to avoid the area around the umbilicus to prevent discomfort and complications. Aspiration for blood return (
B) is not necessary for subcutaneous injections as they are not typically administered into a blood vessel. Rubbing vigorously after the injection (
C) is not recommended as it can cause tissue damage. Placing a pressure dressing on the injection site (
D) is also unnecessary for subcutaneous injections.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse include in the teaching for a client who is to begin taking tamoxifen for the treatment of breast cancer?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hot flashes. Tamoxifen is known to cause hot flashes as a common side effect due to its estrogen-blocking properties. This is important to include in teaching as it can affect the client's quality of life. Urinary retention (
A), constipation (
B), and bradycardia (
C) are not commonly associated with tamoxifen use. Hot flashes are a well-documented side effect, making it the most appropriate choice for client education.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following actions of sucralfate should the nurse include in the teaching for a client who is to start a new prescription for sucralfate for peptic ulcer disease?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Forms a protective barrier over ulcers. Sucralfate works by forming a protective barrier over ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, providing a physical barrier to prevent further damage from stomach acid. This action helps promote healing of the ulcers.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because sucralfate does not decrease stomach acid secretion, neutralize acids in the stomach, or treat ulcers by eradicating H. pylori bacteria. It is important for the nurse to educate the client on the mechanism of action of sucralfate to ensure understanding and adherence to the treatment plan.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that a client with myasthenia gravis taking neostigmine is experiencing an adverse effect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Miosis. Neostigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor used to treat myasthenia gravis. Miosis, or excessive constriction of the pupil, is a sign of cholinergic crisis which can occur due to neostigmine overdose. This adverse effect indicates excessive stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to symptoms such as increased salivation, bronchoconstriction, and miosis. Tachycardia (
A) is not typically associated with neostigmine use, oliguria (
B) is not a common adverse effect, and xerostomia (
C) is the opposite of the expected effect of increased salivation due to cholinergic stimulation.
Question 5 of 5
How many mg should the nurse administer per dose to a child weighing 44 lbs if the prescribed dose is 15 mg/kg every 12 hours?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
To calculate the correct dose, we first convert the child's weight from pounds to kilograms (44 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 20 kg).
Then, we multiply the weight by the prescribed dose (20 kg x 15 mg/kg = 300 mg).
Therefore, the nurse should administer 300 mg per dose.
Choice A is too low, choices B and D are higher than the correct answer, and choice E is significantly higher, exceeding the calculated dose.