ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology 2023 III Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a client for the first time and needs to know about potential food and medication interactions. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Consult a drug reference guide for possible interactions. This is the best course of action because drug reference guides provide comprehensive information on potential interactions between medications and food. They are reliable sources for healthcare professionals to ensure safe administration.
Choice A: Having the client take the medication on an empty stomach may not always prevent interactions and could potentially lead to adverse effects.
Choice C: Relying solely on another nurse's knowledge may not be sufficient, as medication interactions can be complex and require specific expertise.
Choice D: Checking the client's medical record is important but may not provide real-time information on potential interactions. It is best to consult a drug reference guide for the most up-to-date information.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has received oxycodone. The nurse notes that the client's respiratory rate is 8/min. The nurse should identify that which of the following is the pathophysiology for the client's respiratory rate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Correct Answer: C - Oxycodone causes central nervous system depression.
Rationale: Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic that acts on the central nervous system to provide pain relief. One of the common side effects of opioids is respiratory depression, which can lead to a decreased respiratory rate. This occurs because opioids suppress the activity of the brainstem respiratory centers, leading to decreased drive to breathe and ultimately slowing down the respiratory rate.
Therefore, in this scenario, the client's low respiratory rate of 8/min is likely due to the central nervous system depression caused by oxycodone.
Summary of Incorrect
Choices:
A: Oxycodone blocking the sodium channel suspending nerve conduction is not the mechanism behind the respiratory depression seen with opioids.
B: Oxycodone promoting vasodilation of cranial arteries is not related to the respiratory depression caused by opioids.
D: Oxycodone inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis is not the mechanism responsible for the respiratory
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has heart failure and is taking furosemide. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing fluid volume deficit?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Elevated hematocrit level. In fluid volume deficit, there is a decrease in blood volume, leading to an increase in the concentration of red blood cells (hematocrit). This is a compensatory mechanism to maintain oxygen delivery. Weight gain (choice
A) and distended neck veins (choice
B) are indicative of fluid volume excess. Shortness of breath (choice
C) is a common symptom of heart failure but not specific to fluid volume deficit.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has cirrhosis of the liver and is receiving spironolactone. Which of the following findings indicates that the client is responding to the treatment?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased ascites. Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, is commonly used in cirrhotic patients to decrease fluid retention and ascites. As the medication helps to increase urine output and reduce fluid accumulation in the abdomen, a decrease in ascites would indicate that the client is responding positively to the treatment. Increased energy (choice
A) and increased appetite (choice
D) are not direct indicators of the medication's effectiveness in treating cirrhotic ascites. Decreased jaundice (choice
B) may improve with liver function but is not a specific response to spironolactone.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse accidently administers metformin instead of metoprolol to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Check the client's glucose level. Metformin is used to treat diabetes, so administering it instead of metoprolol can cause hypoglycemia. Checking the client's glucose level is crucial to monitor for and manage potential hypoglycemia. Monitoring thyroid function levels (
B), collecting uric acid level (
C), and obtaining HDL level (
D) are not directly related to the administration error and are not immediate priorities. The nurse should focus on addressing the potential hypoglycemia first.