ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing dietary instructions for a client who has episodes of biliary colic from chronic cholecystitis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoid foods high in fat. Biliary colic is caused by gallstones, and high-fat foods can trigger gallbladder contractions leading to pain.
Therefore, advising the client to avoid foods high in fat can help prevent biliary colic episodes.
Choice B is incorrect as carbohydrates do not directly affect biliary colic.
Choice C is incorrect because while a high-protein, low-fat diet may be beneficial for some conditions, it is not specifically recommended for biliary colic.
Choice D is incorrect as increasing intake of high-fat foods can worsen symptoms.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of exposure to TB and symptoms of night sweats and hemoptysis. Which of the following tests should the nurse realize is the most reliable to confirm the diagnosis of active pulmonary TB?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sputum culture for acid-fast bacillus. This test is the most reliable for confirming active pulmonary TB because it directly detects the presence of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria in the sputum sample. Bronchoscopy (
A) may help visualize the airways but does not definitively confirm TB. Chest X-ray (
B) can show characteristic findings suggestive of TB but cannot confirm the diagnosis. TB skin test (
C) indicates exposure but not active disease. Sputum culture is the gold standard for diagnosing TB, as it allows for definitive identification of the bacteria.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse in an urgent care center is caring for a client who is having an acute asthma exacerbation. Which of the following actions is the nurse's highest priority?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administering a nebulized beta-adrenergic. This is the highest priority because it helps to rapidly dilate the bronchioles, improving airflow and oxygenation in the client. This immediate action is crucial in managing an acute asthma exacerbation and can prevent respiratory distress. Providing supplemental oxygen (
B) is important but not the highest priority. Administering an intravenous corticosteroid (
C) is beneficial for reducing inflammation but takes longer to take effect compared to a beta-adrenergic. Encouraging the client to use their inhaler (
D) is helpful, but in an acute exacerbation, a nebulized beta-adrenergic is more effective for immediate relief.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about gynecological examination. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the urethral orifice is located between the clitoris and the vaginal opening, so separating the labia minora allows for proper visualization and assessment. This step ensures accurate examination of the urethral opening for signs of infection or abnormalities. Palpating the cervix first (
B) is incorrect as it should be done after inspecting the external genitalia. Choosing not to inspect the external genitalia (
C) is incorrect as it is an essential part of the gynecological examination. Assessing the perineum after the vaginal examination (
D) is incorrect as the perineum should be assessed before the vaginal examination to evaluate for any abnormalities or injuries.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a chest tube connected to a closed drainage system and needs to be transported to the x-ray department. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Keep the drainage system below the level of the client's chest at all times. This is crucial because maintaining the drainage system below the chest level prevents backflow of air or fluid into the client's chest cavity, which can lead to complications like tension pneumothorax or fluid re-entering the pleural space. Clamping the chest tube can cause a build-up of pressure and should only be done in emergency situations. Removing the chest tube is unsafe and can lead to respiratory distress. Allowing the client to carry the drainage system can risk dislodging the tube or causing tension on the connections.
Therefore, the best option is to keep the drainage system below the chest level to ensure proper drainage and prevent complications.