ATI RN
ATI RN Adult Medical Surgical 2023 Questions Correct Answers Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who has mucositis related to chemotherapy treatment. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Wear your dentures only during meals. This instruction is important for a client with mucositis because wearing dentures continuously can exacerbate irritation and discomfort in the mouth. By removing dentures between meals, the client can allow the oral tissues to rest and promote healing.
Choice A is incorrect because vigorous brushing for 60 seconds can further irritate the mucositis.
Choice C is incorrect as flossing can also cause trauma to the inflamed tissues.
Choice D is incorrect as rinsing with hydrogen peroxide can be too harsh and may worsen the condition. It's important to provide gentle care and minimize irritation to the affected areas in mucositis.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication of a microvascular complication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Retinopathy. In type 2 diabetes, prolonged high blood sugar levels can damage small blood vessels in the retina, leading to retinopathy, a microvascular complication affecting the eyes. This can result in vision problems or even blindness. Peripheral neuropathy (
A) is a macrovascular complication affecting the nerves, not the microvasculature. Hypertension (
B) is a common comorbidity but not a direct microvascular complication. Stroke (
D) is a macrovascular complication involving large blood vessels in the brain, not microvasculature. Thus, the nurse should identify retinopathy (
C) as the correct indication of a microvascular complication in a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who had a lumbar laminectomy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Turn the client by log rolling with a turning sheet. After a lumbar laminectomy, it is essential to prevent twisting or bending at the waist to avoid damaging the surgical site. Log rolling with a turning sheet maintains proper alignment of the spine. Encouraging independent ambulation (
A) may put strain on the surgical area. Positioning in a high Fowler's position (
C) may increase pressure on the surgical site. Applying a heating pad (
D) can lead to increased inflammation and potential burns.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who recently had a myocardial infarction. Which of the following findings indicates that the client might be developing pulmonary edema?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pink frothy sputum. This finding indicates pulmonary edema, which is characterized by fluid accumulation in the lungs. The pink color indicates the presence of blood in the sputum, a common sign of pulmonary edema. Excessive somnolence (
A) is more indicative of respiratory depression or hypoxia, while epistaxis (
B) is associated with hypertension or nasal trauma. Tachypnea (E) can be a sign of respiratory distress but does not specifically indicate pulmonary edema.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: C. Increase water intake and use bulk-forming laxatives.
Rationale: Increasing water intake helps soften stool, easing constipation in IBS-C. Bulk-forming laxatives add fiber to stool, improving bowel movements. Stimulant laxatives (
A) can lead to dependency. Avoiding fiber-rich foods (
B) worsens constipation. A low-carbohydrate diet (
D) may exacerbate constipation.