ATI RN
ATI Capstone Exam 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing a presentation at a senior center about age-related musculoskeletal changes. Which of the following changes should the nurse plan to include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased muscle mass. As people age, there is a natural decline in muscle mass known as sarcopenia. This can lead to reduced strength and mobility.
Choice A, reduced chest width, is not a typical age-related musculoskeletal change.
Choice B, increased force of isometric contraction, is not a typical change and may lead to muscle fatigue.
Choice D, thickened vertebral discs, is not a common age-related change and may actually lead to disc degeneration. By including decreased muscle mass in the presentation, the nurse can educate the seniors about a common musculoskeletal change that may impact their daily activities.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a continuous IV infusion of heparin. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Check the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) every 6 hours. This is crucial to monitor the therapeutic effect of heparin, ensuring the client's blood does not become too thin or too thick. Regular aPTT monitoring helps adjust the heparin infusion rate to maintain the desired anticoagulant effect.
Explanation of why other choices are incorrect:
A: Administering a large dose of heparin by IV bolus is dangerous and can lead to bleeding complications. Incorrect.
B: Having vitamin K available is not specifically related to managing heparin therapy. Incorrect.
C: Using tubing specific for heparin is important but is not the priority action in this scenario. Incorrect.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse enters a client’s room and finds him on the floor in the clonic phase of a tonic-clonic seizure. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct action is to place a pillow under the client's head. This helps to protect the client's head from injury during the seizure. It is important to maintain a patent airway and prevent head injury. Inserting a padded tongue blade (choice
B) could cause injury or obstruct the airway. Applying a face mask for oxygen (choice
C) may not be necessary at this point and can be done after the seizure stops. Gently restraining the client's extremities (choice
D) can cause further injury. It is crucial to prioritize safety and comfort during a seizure.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse and an assistive personnel (AP) are providing care for four clients who were admitted to the medical-surgical unit on the previous shift. The nurse should delegate meal assistance for which of the following clients to the AP?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: a client who has a lumbosacral spinal tumor. This client may require meal assistance due to potential physical limitations caused by the tumor. The nurse should delegate this task to the AP because it falls within their scope of practice.
Choice A (Guillain-Barré syndrome),
Choice B (systemic sclerosis), and
Choice C (ALS) all involve neuromuscular conditions that can affect the client's ability to swallow or chew, and thus meal assistance should be provided by a higher-level healthcare provider.
In summary, the correct answer is D because the client with a lumbosacral spinal tumor is more likely to need assistance with meals due to physical limitations, and the AP is appropriate for this task. The other choices involve conditions where meal assistance may require more specialized care.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has schizophrenia and has been on long-term treatment with chlorpromazine. He notes the client is experiencing some involuntary movements of the tongue and face. The nurse should suspect the client has developed which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tardive dyskinesia. Tardive dyskinesia is a common adverse effect of long-term antipsychotic medication use, such as chlorpromazine. It is characterized by involuntary movements of the tongue and face. This condition is often irreversible and can be distressing for the client. Akathisia (choice
A) is a different extrapyramidal side effect characterized by restlessness and the urge to move constantly. Dystonia (choice
C) is another extrapyramidal side effect that presents as sustained muscle contractions causing abnormal postures. In this case, the symptoms described in the question are more indicative of tardive dyskinesia due to the specific type of involuntary movements observed in the client.