ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Proctored Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is planning teaching for a client who is trying to quit smoking. Which of the following instructions about nicotine replacement options should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Do not drink beverages while sucking on a nicotine lozenge. This instruction is important because drinking while using a nicotine lozenge can decrease its effectiveness by diluting the nicotine concentration in the mouth. This can reduce the absorption of nicotine through the oral mucosa, impacting the efficacy of the lozenge in managing nicotine withdrawal symptoms. It is essential for the client to follow this instruction to maximize the benefits of nicotine replacement therapy.
Choice A is incorrect because changing the nicotine patch every other day does not align with the recommended frequency for most nicotine patches, which are typically changed daily.
Choice C is incorrect because chewing nicotine gum for only 10 minutes before spitting it out does not allow for sufficient absorption of nicotine through the oral mucosa to effectively reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
Choice D is incorrect because administering 2 sprays of nicotine nasal spray in each nostril with each dose is not a standard or recommended dosing regimen for nicotine nasal spray, which typically involves
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who reports taking over-the-counter antacids. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of hypercalcemia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Constipation. Hypercalcemia, an elevated calcium level in the blood, can lead to constipation due to the inhibitory effect of excess calcium on smooth muscle contraction in the gastrointestinal tract. Decreased urine output (choice
B) is typically associated with dehydration rather than hypercalcemia. Positive Trousseau's sign (choice
C) is a sign of hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia. Headache (choice
D) is a nonspecific symptom and is not a common manifestation of hypercalcemia.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer subcutaneous heparin to a client. Which of the following should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because inserting the needle at least 5 cm from the umbilicus helps prevent injury to the underlying structures. It ensures proper administration of the medication into the subcutaneous tissue, reducing the risk of complications. Massaging the site after administering the medication (choice
A) is incorrect as it can cause bruising and discomfort. Using a 21-gauge needle (choice
B) is incorrect because a smaller gauge needle is typically recommended for subcutaneous injections. Aspirating before injecting the medication (choice
C) is unnecessary for subcutaneous injections as there are no major blood vessels in the subcutaneous tissue.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer the initial dose of penicillin G IM to a client. The nurse should monitor for which of the following as an indication of an allergic reaction following the injection?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Urticaria. Urticaria, also known as hives, is a common symptom of an allergic reaction to penicillin. It presents as raised, red, itchy welts on the skin. Monitoring for urticaria is crucial as it can indicate an immediate hypersensitivity reaction, potentially progressing to anaphylaxis. Bradycardia (
B), pallor (
C), and dyspepsia (
D) are not typical signs of an allergic reaction to penicillin G IM. Bradycardia refers to a slow heart rate, pallor is paleness of the skin, and dyspepsia is indigestion. These symptoms are not specific to an allergic reaction and would not be the primary indicators to monitor for in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is mixing regular insulin and NPH insulin in the same syringe prior to administering it to a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The nurse should first inject air into the NPH vial before withdrawing the insulin. This step ensures proper pressure within the vial, making it easier to withdraw the desired dose without creating a vacuum. Injecting air into the regular insulin vial first could lead to contamination as air bubbles may be pushed into the insulin. Withdrawing either insulin first could result in an inaccurate dose. Injecting air into both vials is unnecessary and may increase the risk of contamination.
Therefore, injecting air into the NPH insulin vial is the first essential step in preparing the mixed insulin correctly.