ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2019 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who requires treatment for high cholesterol. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse expect to administer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Colesevelam. Colesevelam is a bile acid sequestrant used to treat high cholesterol by binding bile acids in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption, and lowering LDL cholesterol levels. Chlorpromazine (
A) is an antipsychotic medication. Colchicine (
C) is used to treat gout. Cimetidine (
D) is a histamine-2 blocker used for stomach ulcers. The rationale behind choosing Colesevelam is its specific mechanism of action in lowering cholesterol levels, making it the appropriate choice for a client requiring treatment for high cholesterol.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking digoxin to treat heart failure. Which of the following factors predisposes this client to developing digoxin toxicity?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Taking a high-ceiling diuretic. High-ceiling diuretics can cause hypokalemia, which potentiates the toxic effects of digoxin. Low potassium levels increase the risk of digoxin toxicity as digoxin competes with potassium for binding sites on the sodium-potassium ATPase pump in cardiac cells. This competition can lead to an increase in intracellular calcium, resulting in cardiac toxicity.
Choice A: Taking an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor does not predispose the client to digoxin toxicity.
Choice B: Having a 10-year history of COPD is not directly related to digoxin toxicity.
Choice D: Having a prolapsed mitral valve is not a factor that predisposes the client to digoxin toxicity.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has pernicious anemia to self-administer nasal cyanocobalamin. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administer the medication into one nostril once per week. Nasal cyanocobalamin is a form of vitamin B12 that is administered intranasally to treat pernicious anemia. Weekly administration into one nostril is the recommended dosage regimen. This frequency ensures adequate absorption of the medication. Option A is incorrect because the duration of self-administration would depend on the individual's condition and response to treatment, not a fixed 6 months. Option C is incorrect as there is no need to lie down after administering the medication. Option D is incorrect because using a nasal decongestant is unnecessary and not recommended unless specifically instructed by a healthcare provider.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has hypermagnesemia. Which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Calcium gluconate. In hypermagnesemia, there is an excess of magnesium in the blood leading to muscle weakness, hypotension, and cardiac dysrhythmias. Calcium gluconate is the antidote for hypermagnesemia as it antagonizes the effects of magnesium on the heart and muscles, helping to restore normal cardiac function. Acetylcysteine (
B) is used for acetaminophen overdose. Flumazenil (
C) is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used for benzodiazepine overdose. Protamine sulfate (
D) is an antidote for heparin overdose.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing for allergies with a client who is scheduled to receive the influenza vaccine. Which of the following allergies should the nurse report to the provider as a possible contraindication to receiving the vaccine?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Eggs. The influenza vaccine is traditionally produced using chicken eggs. Individuals with a severe allergy to eggs may have an allergic reaction to the vaccine. Reporting this allergy to the provider is crucial to ensure the safety of the client. Shellfish (
A), milk (
C), and peanuts (
D) are not contraindications for receiving the influenza vaccine. Shellfish and peanuts are unrelated to the vaccine composition, while milk allergies do not typically pose a risk with the influenza vaccine.