ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who is being treated with chemotherapy and radiation for metastatic breast cancer, and who has neutropenia. The nurse should include which of the following restrictions in the client's plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fresh flowers and potted plants in the room. Neutropenic clients are at high risk for infections due to low white blood cell count. Fresh flowers and plants can harbor bacteria and fungi that can potentially cause infections.
Therefore, restricting fresh flowers and plants helps minimize the risk of infection.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the risk of infection in neutropenic clients. Using public transportation, engaging in group activities, or having visitors are generally safe as long as proper infection control measures are followed.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to initiate a transfusion of packed RBC for a client who has anemia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Check the client's vital signs every 15 min during the transfusion. This is crucial to monitor for any signs of transfusion reaction, such as fever, chills, or hypotension. Vital signs should be closely monitored initially and then at regular intervals to ensure the client's safety. Checking every 15 minutes allows for early detection and prompt intervention if any adverse reactions occur.
Choice B is incorrect because obtaining a blood pressure reading every 30 minutes is not as frequent as checking vital signs every 15 minutes, which is necessary for early detection of adverse reactions.
Choice C is incorrect as starting the transfusion at a rapid rate can lead to adverse reactions like fluid overload or hemolysis. Transfusions should be started at a slow rate to minimize these risks.
Choice D is incorrect because checking vital signs every hour is not frequent enough to detect early signs of transfusion reactions. Regular monitoring every 15 minutes is recommended for safety.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has myelosuppression after receiving chemotherapy. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bleeding from the gums. Myelosuppression leads to decreased production of blood cells, including platelets, which are essential for clotting. Bleeding from the gums is a common sign of thrombocytopenia, a condition where there are low platelet levels. Chest pain, fatigue, and severe headache are not directly associated with myelosuppression. Monitoring for bleeding tendencies is crucial in clients with myelosuppression to prevent complications like hemorrhage.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is instructing a client how to decrease the nausea associated with chemotherapy and radiation. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I will eat food that are served at room temperature." This is correct because consuming foods at room temperature helps reduce nausea associated with chemotherapy and radiation. Cold foods can worsen nausea, while hot foods can trigger vomiting. Avoiding extreme temperatures can help alleviate nausea.
Choice B is incorrect because avoiding liquids with meals can lead to dehydration and worsen nausea.
Choice C is incorrect because spicy foods can exacerbate nausea rather than improve appetite.
Choice D is incorrect because drinking hot liquids can aggravate nausea.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and a history of asthma. The nurse reviews the provider's orders and recognizes that clarification is needed for which of the following medications?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carvedilol. Carvedilol is a beta-blocker, which can exacerbate asthma symptoms in clients with a history of asthma due to its potential bronchoconstrictive effects. Furosemide (
A), Spironolactone (
C), and Lisinopril (
D) are commonly used in heart failure management and do not pose a significant risk for clients with asthma. It is crucial to avoid medications that can worsen respiratory function in clients with a history of asthma to prevent complications.