ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who is being treated with chemotherapy and radiation for metastatic breast cancer, and who has neutropenia. The nurse should include which of the following restrictions in the client's plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fresh flowers and potted plants in the room. Neutropenic clients are at high risk for infections due to low white blood cell count. Fresh flowers and potted plants can harbor bacteria and fungi, increasing the risk of infection. Restricting these items helps minimize exposure to pathogens.
Choices B and D are incorrect as long as visitors are screened for infections and the humidifier is cleaned regularly.
Choice C, foods high in vitamin C, is incorrect as these foods can actually help boost the immune system.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing dietary instructions for a client who has episodes of biliary colic from chronic cholecystitis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoid foods high in fat. Biliary colic is caused by gallstones, and high-fat foods can trigger gallbladder contractions leading to pain.
Therefore, advising the client to avoid foods high in fat can help prevent biliary colic episodes.
Choice B is incorrect as carbohydrates do not directly affect biliary colic.
Choice C is incorrect because while a high-protein, low-fat diet may be beneficial for some conditions, it is not specifically recommended for biliary colic.
Choice D is incorrect as increasing intake of high-fat foods can worsen symptoms.
Question 3 of 5
During a routine physical examination, a nurse observes a 1-cm (0.4-in) lesion on a client's chest. The lesion is raised and flesh-colored with pearly white borders. The nurse should recognize that this finding is suggestive of which of the following types of skin cancer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Basal cell carcinoma. Basal cell carcinoma typically presents as a raised, flesh-colored lesion with pearly white borders. This type of skin cancer is the most common and is usually slow-growing with low metastatic potential. It is often found on sun-exposed areas such as the face, neck, and chest. Melanoma (
A) is characterized by asymmetry, irregular borders, varied color, and a diameter larger than 6mm. Squamous cell carcinoma (
B) is usually a firm, red nodule or a flat lesion with a scaly crust. Kaposi's sarcoma (
D) typically presents as purple or blue-black patches or nodules on the skin.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching a group of newly licensed nurses on effective techniques for counseling clients about sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because asking about the client's exposure to any past or present STIs is crucial for effective counseling. Understanding the client's history helps in assessing risk factors, determining appropriate interventions, and providing tailored education. It also promotes trust and open communication.
Choice B is incorrect as advising clients not to disclose their sexual history hinders the nurse's ability to provide comprehensive care and support.
Choice C is incorrect because focusing only on present symptoms may overlook important information needed for proper assessment and management.
Choice D is incorrect as only asking about high-risk behavior limits the scope of the assessment and may miss potential risk factors.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has hepatitis A about preventing transmission of the virus. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Practice effective hand hygiene. This is crucial in preventing transmission of hepatitis A, which is primarily spread through fecal-oral route. Handwashing with soap and water can remove the virus from hands. Limiting physical activity (
B) and using antiseptic mouthwash (
C) are not effective in preventing transmission. Avoiding drinking water (
D) is not necessary unless the water source is contaminated.