ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is instructing a client how to decrease the nausea associated with chemotherapy and radiation. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I will eat food that are served at room temperature." This is correct because consuming foods at room temperature helps reduce nausea associated with chemotherapy and radiation. Cold foods can worsen nausea, while hot foods can trigger vomiting. Avoiding extreme temperatures can help alleviate nausea.
Choice B is incorrect because avoiding liquids with meals can lead to dehydration and worsen nausea.
Choice C is incorrect because spicy foods can exacerbate nausea rather than improve appetite.
Choice D is incorrect because drinking hot liquids can aggravate nausea.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values of a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following sets of values should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (pH 7.25, HCO3- 19 mEq/L, PaCO2 30 mm Hg). In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys are unable to excrete acid effectively, leading to metabolic acidosis. The pH is low (acidotic) due to the accumulation of acids. The bicarbonate (HCO3-) is low (19 mEq/L) as the kidneys are unable to reabsorb and regenerate bicarbonate effectively. The PaCO2 is low (30 mm Hg) as the respiratory system compensates by increasing the respiratory rate to blow off carbon dioxide in an attempt to normalize the pH.
Choices B, C, and D have pH values within normal range and do not reflect the expected acidosis in chronic kidney disease.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory data of a client who has acute pancreatitis. The nurse should expect to find an elevation of which of the following values?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amylase. In acute pancreatitis, there is inflammation of the pancreas leading to leakage of pancreatic enzymes like amylase into the blood. Elevated amylase levels are a hallmark of acute pancreatitis. Creatinine (
A) is related to kidney function, bilirubin (
B) to liver function, and albumin (
D) to protein status. In acute pancreatitis, the focus is on pancreatic enzymes like amylase.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who reports substernal chest pain and dyspnea. The client is vomiting and is diaphoretic. Which of the following laboratory tests are used to diagnose a myocardial infarction? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Troponin I, Troponin T, CPK, and Myoglobin are all specific laboratory tests used to diagnose a myocardial infarction. Troponin I and T are cardiac biomarkers released into the bloodstream following myocardial cell injury. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is an enzyme found in high concentrations in the heart muscle, and elevated levels indicate myocardial damage. Myoglobin is a protein released from damaged muscle cells, including cardiac muscle. These tests provide crucial information to confirm the diagnosis of a myocardial infarction.
Plasma low-density lipoproteins are not specific for diagnosing a myocardial infarction. White blood cell count is not typically used for diagnosing a myocardial infarction, although it may be elevated in response to inflammation associated with heart damage. Blood glucose level is not specific for diagnosing a myocardial infarction and
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the EKG strip of a client who has prolonged vomiting. Which of the following abnormalities on the client's EKG should the nurse interpret as a sign of hypokalemia?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prominent U wave. Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, can cause the U wave to become more prominent on an EKG strip. This is due to delayed repolarization of the ventricles. A flat T wave (choice
A) is typically associated with ischemia or infarction. ST elevation (choice
C) is often seen in conditions like myocardial infarction. A wide QRS complex (choice
D) is indicative of conduction abnormalities.
Choices E, F, and G are not relevant to the interpretation of hypokalemia on an EKG strip.