ATI RN
RN ATI Adult Medsurg Proctored Exam 2023 With NGN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is inspecting the skin of a client who has basal cell carcinoma. The nurse should identify which of the following lesion characteristics on the clients skin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A pearly, waxy nodule. Basal cell carcinoma typically presents as a pearly, waxy nodule on the skin. This characteristic appearance is due to the growth of abnormal cells in the basal cell layer of the skin. The nodule may also have small blood vessels visible on its surface. This presentation is distinct from other skin lesions.
Choice B, a scaly red patch, is more indicative of conditions like psoriasis or eczema.
Choice C, a dark irregular mole, is more suggestive of melanoma.
Choice D, a firm, painless lump, is more characteristic of conditions like lipomas or fibromas. Thus, the correct answer is A based on the specific characteristics of basal cell carcinoma.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is performing a risk assessment for a client. Which of the following factors should the nurse identify as increasing the clients risk for falls?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct Answer: A. The client had cataract surgery 1 day ago.
Rationale: Cataract surgery can lead to temporary visual impairment, affecting depth perception and balance, increasing fall risk.
Summary:
B: Using a hearing aid does not directly increase fall risk.
C: History of hypertension does not directly increase fall risk for falls.
D: History of constipation does not directly increase fall risk for falls.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for lactated Ringers by continuous IV infusion to replace output from an NG tube. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that this therapy is effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urine specific gravity 1.020. This finding indicates that the kidneys are effectively concentrating urine, which means fluid balance is being maintained. A specific gravity of 1.020 is within the normal range, suggesting adequate hydration. A high specific gravity like 1.035 (choice
A) indicates dehydration. Decreased skin turgor (choice
C) and dry mucous membranes (choice
D) are signs of dehydration, not effectiveness of therapy.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is monitoring a client following a lumbar laminectomy. The client has a drain and indwelling urinary catheter. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication of a complication of the surgery?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clear drainage on the dressings. Clear drainage may indicate a cerebrospinal fluid leak, which is a serious complication following a lumbar laminectomy. Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, and its leakage can lead to infection and other complications. Red-tinged drainage (choice
A) may be expected initially due to surgical trauma. Cloudy urine in the catheter (choice
B) is more likely related to urinary tract infection. Mild back pain at the surgical site (choice
D) is common after this surgery and does not necessarily indicate a complication.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client immediately following intubation with an endotracheal (ET) tube. Which of the following methods should the nurse identify as the most reliable for verifying placement of the ET tube?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Using an end-tidal CO2 detector. This method is the most reliable for verifying ET tube placement because it directly measures the presence of CO2 in exhaled breath, confirming that the tube is in the trachea. This is crucial to prevent inadvertent esophageal intubation. Observing for symmetrical chest rise and fall (
A) can be misleading as it can occur even with esophageal intubation. Auscultating bilateral breath sounds (
B) can also be unreliable as breath sounds may be heard even if the tube is in the esophagus. Checking for condensation in the ET tube (
D) is not a reliable method for verifying placement as condensation can occur regardless of tube placement.