ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Proctored Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is discussing adverse reactions to pain medications in older adult clients with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following findings should the nurse include as risk factors for an adverse drug reaction? (SATA)
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale:
Correct Answer: A, C, D, E
Rationale:
A: Polypharmacy in older adults can increase the risk of drug interactions and adverse reactions.
C: Decreased percentage of body fat can lead to altered drug distribution and increased drug concentrations.
D: Older adults with multiple health problems may have compromised organ function, leading to increased susceptibility to adverse drug reactions.
E: Older adults are more likely to have age-related changes in drug metabolism, which can affect the pharmacokinetics of medications.
Summary:
B: Increased rate of absorption is not necessarily a risk factor for adverse drug reactions in older adults.
F & G:
Choices not provided, so cannot be considered as risk factors.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for theophylline, a sustained-released capsule. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "I will need to have blood levels drawn." This statement indicates an understanding of the teaching because theophylline levels need to be monitored to ensure the medication is at a therapeutic level and not reaching toxic levels. Regular blood tests are necessary to adjust the dosage as needed.
Choice A is incorrect because theophylline should not be taken with coffee as caffeine can interact with the medication.
Choice B is incorrect as the sustained-release capsule should not be opened or sprinkled in food as it can alter the drug absorption rate.
Choice C is incorrect because fluid intake should actually be increased while on theophylline to prevent dehydration and help with drug elimination.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has hypermagnesemia. Which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Calcium gluconate. In hypermagnesemia, there is an excess of magnesium in the blood, leading to muscle weakness, bradycardia, and hypotension. Calcium gluconate is the antidote for hypermagnesemia as it helps counteract the effects of high magnesium levels by antagonizing the actions of magnesium on the heart and muscles. Protamine sulfate (
A) is used as an antidote for heparin overdose. Acetylcysteine (
B) is used for acetaminophen overdose. Flumazenil (
D) is used as an antidote for benzodiazepine overdose. The other answer choices are not relevant to the treatment of hypermagnesemia.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer enoxaparin to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Apply firm pressure to the injection site following administration. This is important to prevent bleeding or bruising as enoxaparin is an anticoagulant. Firm pressure helps to reduce the risk of hematoma formation at the injection site.
Choice B is incorrect as enoxaparin is administered subcutaneously, not into muscle.
Choice C is unnecessary as enoxaparin syringes are usually pre-filled and do not require air bubble removal.
Choice D is incorrect as the needle should be fully inserted for subcutaneous injection.
Choices E, F, and G are irrelevant.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for enoxaparin. Which of the following medications for pain relief should the nurse include in the teaching that can be taken concurrently with enoxaparin?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Acetaminophen. Acetaminophen is safe to take with enoxaparin as it does not have significant antiplatelet effects or interact with the mechanism of action of enoxaparin. Ibuprofen, Naproxen sodium, and Aspirin are not recommended due to their potential to increase the risk of bleeding when taken with enoxaparin. It is important to avoid medications that can interfere with the blood-thinning effects of enoxaparin. Acetaminophen is the safest option for pain relief in this scenario.