ATI RN
ATI Fundamental Proctored Exam 2024-2025 Online Practice 250 Simulated Exam Questions Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who reports persistent vomiting, dizziness, palpitations, and numbness and tingling in his fingers and toes and around his mouth. The nurse notes the client's respirations are slow and shallow. The nurse should suspect that the client has developed which of the following acid-base imbalances?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Metabolic alkalosis. The client's symptoms of vomiting, dizziness, palpitations, numbness and tingling, along with slow and shallow respirations, indicate a loss of hydrogen ions (H⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) due to prolonged vomiting, leading to metabolic alkalosis. Vomiting causes a loss of stomach acid (HCl), leading to an increase in blood pH. Respiratory acidosis (
C) results from inadequate ventilation, causing CO₂ retention and increased carbonic acid in the blood. Respiratory alkalosis (
D) is characterized by hyperventilation and decreased CO₂ levels. Metabolic acidosis (
A) involves a decrease in blood pH due to an excess of metabolic acids or a loss of bicarbonate ions.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client whose arterial blood gases include a pH of 7.30, an HCO3- of 18 mEq/L and a PaCO2 of 28 mm Hg. The nurse should suspect that the client has developed which of the following acid-base imbalances?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Metabolic acidosis. The pH is low (acidosis) and the HCO3- is also low, indicating a primary metabolic acidosis. The low PaCO2 (respiratory alkalosis compensation) further supports metabolic acidosis. Other choices are incorrect because B: Respiratory acidosis would have a high PaCO2, C: Metabolic alkalosis would have a high HCO3-, and D: Respiratory alkalosis would have a low PaCO2 with a high pH.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has hemophilia and has developed hemarthrosis of the left knee. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Elevate the knee. Elevating the knee helps reduce swelling and promote venous return, which can help alleviate pain and prevent further bleeding in hemarthrosis. Administering low-dose aspirin (
A) is contraindicated in hemophilia as it can increase the risk of bleeding. Applying heat (
B) can exacerbate bleeding by increasing blood flow to the area. Administering analgesics IM (
C) may provide pain relief but does not address the underlying issue of bleeding.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse in an urgent care center is caring for a client who fell and injured her ankle. The ankle appears swollen and ecchymotic. While the client waits for the x-ray technician, which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A, D, E
Rationale:
- Apply ice to the ankle (
A): Ice helps reduce swelling and inflammation by constricting blood vessels. It is essential for reducing pain and promoting healing.
- Apply a compression bandage (
D): Compression helps reduce swelling and provides support to the injured area, promoting healing and preventing further damage.
- Elevate the foot (E): Elevating the foot above the heart level helps reduce swelling and promotes circulation, aiding in the healing process.
Incorrect
Choices:
- Encourage range-of-motion exercises of the foot (
B): Performing range-of-motion exercises on an injured ankle may worsen the injury and cause further damage.
- Provide the client with a light snack (
C): Providing a snack is not a priority in this situation and does not contribute to the client's immediate care.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse identifies an extravasation of a vesicant solution at a client's peripheral IV catheter's insertion site. Identify the sequence in which the nurse should perform the following actions.
Correct Answer: B,E,A,C,D
Rationale: The correct sequence is B, E, A, C, D. First, stopping the infusion prevents further harm.
Then, attaching a syringe helps to aspirate the vesicant solution. Aspirating the solution reduces tissue damage. Disconnecting the tubing prevents further exposure. Lastly, removing the IV catheter minimizes harm and promotes healing. Incorrect choices: A is incorrect as the solution should be aspirated after stopping the infusion. C is incorrect as disconnecting the tubing should come after aspirating the solution. D is incorrect as removing the IV catheter is the final step after all the previous actions have been completed.