ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical 2 Final 2024 Assessment Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who had a femoral head fracture 24 hours ago and is in skin traction. The client reports shortness of breath and dyspnea. The nurse should suspect that the client has developed which of the following complications?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fat embolism syndrome is a serious condition that occurs when fat globules enter the bloodstream and lodge within the pulmonary vasculature, leading to respiratory distress. It is a known complication following long bone fractures, such as the femur, and presents with symptoms like shortness of breath, hypoxemia, and neurological manifestations. Given the recent femoral head fracture and the symptoms reported, fat embolism syndrome is the most likely diagnosis.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who reports a nevus that has increased in size and an irregularly shaped lesion that varies in color. These findings are consistent with which of the following medical diagnoses?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Malignant melanoma is characterized by changing nevi with size increase and color variation.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client about the manifestations of uterine prolapse. Which of the following statements by the client should indicate to the nurse a need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Feces in the vagina is not a direct symptom of uterine prolapse but may relate to a rectocele, indicating a need for further teaching.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is providing breast self-examination teaching to a client who is menopausal. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the teaching was effective? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale:
Choice A: This statement is correct because the underarm area (axilla) contains lymph nodes that can be affected by breast cancer. Including the underarm area in a breast self-exam helps in detecting any unusual lumps or changes that could indicate a problem.
Choice B: This statement is correct because using firm pressure during a breast self-exam helps to feel the deeper tissues of the breast, which is essential for detecting any abnormalities or lumps that might be present.
Choice C: This statement is correct because performing a breast self-exam in the shower is a common and effective method. The wet and slippery skin makes it easier to feel for any changes or lumps in the breast tissue.
Choice D: This statement is incorrect because it is normal to feel a firm ridge in the lower curve of the breast. This ridge is part of the normal breast anatomy and does not necessarily indicate a problem.
Choice E: This statement is correct because menopausal women do not have menstrual cycles to guide the timing of their breast self-exams.
Therefore, they can choose any consistent day each month to perform the exam.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who had a femoral head fracture 24 hours ago and is in skin traction. The client reports shortness of breath and dyspnea. The nurse should suspect that the client has developed which of the following complications?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fat embolism syndrome is a serious condition that occurs when fat globules enter the bloodstream and lodge within the pulmonary vasculature, leading to respiratory distress. It is a known complication following long bone fractures, such as the femur, and presents with symptoms like shortness of breath, hypoxemia, and neurological manifestations. Given the recent femoral head fracture and the symptoms reported, fat embolism syndrome is the most likely diagnosis.