ATI RN
ATI Nur235 Pediatrics Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Pediatric client with nephrotic syndrome.
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a pediatric client who has been admitted with nephrotic syndrome. Which medication should the nurse expect to administer for the therapeutic management of nephrotic syndrome?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Prednisone. Nephrotic syndrome is often treated with corticosteroids like Prednisone to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. This helps decrease protein loss in the urine and control symptoms. Oral penicillin (choice
A) is not typically used as a treatment for nephrotic syndrome. Labetalol (choice
B) is a beta-blocker used for hypertension, not for nephrotic syndrome. Aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation (choice
C) may be necessary for acute kidney injury but is not a primary treatment for nephrotic syndrome. In summary, Prednisone is the most appropriate choice for managing nephrotic syndrome due to its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.
Extract:
School-age client with asthma, PEFR at 45% of personal best.
Question 2 of 5
A school-age client with asthma has been monitoring their daily peak expiratory flow rates(PEFR). The client's mother calls the clinic to report that the PEFR was at 45% of their personal best. Which guidance should the nurse provide to the mother?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Have your child use their inhaled corticosteroid and follow it with albuterol. This guidance is appropriate because a PEFR of 45% of personal best indicates a significant decrease in lung function. Using an inhaled corticosteroid helps reduce inflammation in the airways, while albuterol is a bronchodilator that helps open up the airways for immediate relief. This combination helps manage acute exacerbations of asthma.
Choice A is incorrect because hospitalization is not warranted based solely on a PEFR reading of 45%.
Choice C is incorrect as salmeterol is a long-acting bronchodilator and not suitable for immediate relief during an asthma exacerbation.
Choice D is incorrect as waiting for the PEFR to drop below 40% before taking action may lead to a worsening condition.
Extract:
Newborn with phenylketonuria (PKU).
Question 3 of 5
The caregiver whose newborn was newly diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) has questions about the disorder. Which statement made by the nurse is correct regarding PKU?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Severe cognitive deficits can result with untreated PKU. PKU is a genetic disorder where the body cannot process phenylalanine properly, leading to a buildup of harmful levels in the blood. This accumulation can cause severe cognitive impairments if left untreated, particularly in infants whose brains are still developing. Early diagnosis and treatment through a strict low-phenylalanine diet can prevent these cognitive deficits.
A: A urine test cannot adequately diagnose PKU as it requires a blood test to measure phenylalanine levels.
C: Phenyl pyruvic acid is not typically found in high concentrations in urine with PKU, but rather in the blood.
D: The effects of PKU are not reversible, but early intervention can prevent further cognitive damage.
Extract:
Infant weighing 16 pounds, 8 ounces with severe dehydration.
Question 4 of 5
An infant weighing 16 pounds, 8 ounces is admitted to the pediatric unit with severe dehydration and requires intravenous (IV) fluid resuscitation. The nurse is preparing to administer a 0.9% normal saline IV fluid bolus of 6 mL/kg to infuse over 2 hours. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Calculate infant's weight in kg: 16 pounds 8 ounces = 16.5 pounds = 7.5 kg
2. Calculate total fluid volume needed: 6 mL/kg x 7.5 kg = 45 mL
3. Calculate infusion rate: 45 mL over 2 hours = 22.5 mL/hr
4. Set IV pump to deliver 22.5 mL/hr
Summary:
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Choice B: Incorrect, does not account for accurate weight-based calculation.
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Choice C: Incorrect, does not consider the total fluid volume needed and infusion rate.
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Choice D: Incorrect, lacks the necessary calculation steps for accurate infusion rate.
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Choice E: Incorrect, does not provide a logical approach to determining the IV pump setting.
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Choice F: Incorrect, lacks the calculation steps to deliver the correct mL/hr rate.
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Choice G: Incorrect, does not follow the weight-based calculation required for accurate IV fluid
Extract:
Toddler with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is admitting a toddler who has respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). What is an appropriate action for the nurse to take when caring for this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A
Rationale: Keeping a dedicated thermometer in the toddler's room is essential to monitor the toddler's temperature frequently, as fever is a common symptom of RSV. This allows for close monitoring without cross-contamination.
Summary:
B: Initiating airborne precautions is not necessary for RSV as it spreads through respiratory droplets.
C: Administering nebulized racemic epinephrine may be indicated for severe cases of RSV, not a standard care measure.
D: Assessing pulse oximetry every 3 hours is important but not the most appropriate initial action for a toddler with RSV.