ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 2 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a group of clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which of the following clients is at greatest risk for urinary retention?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: General anesthesia impairs bladder reflexes, increasing retention risk post-surgery. Liver failure, diet, and past infections are less relevant.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who collapsed after playing football on a hot day. After reviewing the admission laboratory findings, the nurse recognizes that these findings are consistent with which of the following conditions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Collapse after exertion in heat with elevated sodium suggests dehydration. Renal failure, low-protein diet, and SIADH are inconsistent.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who reports to the clinic for laboratory tests. The client has an acute kidney injury caused by acute tubular necrosis and asks why their glomerular filtration rate (GFR) keeps decreasing. Which of the following pathophysiological changes occurring in the kidney should the nurse explain as the cause of the decrease?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In acute tubular necrosis, tubular cell injury impairs reabsorption, reducing GFR. Obstruction, inflammation, and reduced blood flow are less primary causes.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and reports having shortness of breath and swelling in his lower extremities. Upon assessment, the nurse notes the client has crackles in his lungs and an elevated blood pressure. The nurse should suspect which of the following based on the client's manifestations?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shortness of breath, swelling, crackles, and high blood pressure indicate hypervolemia (fluid overload). Hyperkalemia, hypovolemia, and hyponatremia present differently.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing a client for a kidney biopsy. Which of the following client conditions should the nurse identify as a contraindication for this diagnostic test?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bleeding tendencies increase biopsy complication risk. Elevated creatinine, retention, and pain are not contraindications.