ATI RN
ATI Nur258 Med Surg 2 Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The client asks why he has this condition. What is the nurse's best answer?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: DKA results from a complete absence of insulin, which is characteristic of poorly controlled or undiagnosed diabetes mellitus type 1. This insulin deficiency leads to elevated blood glucose levels and ketone formation.
Question 2 of 5
A client is diagnosed with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) as a result of a bacterial infection. Which nursing intervention may prevent the development of multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Administering antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection and maintaining a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of at least 65 mm Hg are essential interventions. Effective antibiotic therapy addresses the infection, and maintaining MAP ensures adequate organ perfusion, both of which help prevent the progression to MODS.
Question 3 of 5
A client with Meniere disease is instructed to modify his diet. The nurse would explain that which item would be acceptable for the client to include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Scrambled eggs are low in sodium and are an appropriate food choice for a client with Meniere disease. This option supports the dietary modifications needed to manage the condition effectively.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is at risk for shock. Which of the following findings is the earliest indicator that this complication is developing?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increased respiratory rate is often the earliest indicator of shock. As the body attempts to compensate for decreased oxygen delivery and tissue perfusion, the respiratory rate increases to enhance oxygenation and eliminate excess carbon dioxide. This compensatory mechanism is typically one of the first signs that shock is developing.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing pooling of blood in the periphery. Which of the following occurs in a client with distributive shock?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Decreased venous return occurs in distributive shock due to the pooling of blood in the periphery, leading to reduced preload and decreased cardiac output.