ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who the provider suspects might have pernicious anemia. The nurse should expect the provider to prescribe which of the following diagnostic tests?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Schilling test. Pernicious anemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, often due to poor absorption. The Schilling test is specifically used to diagnose pernicious anemia by evaluating the body's ability to absorb vitamin B12. The test involves giving the patient a small amount of radioactive vitamin B12 to determine how well it is absorbed and utilized by the body. This test helps to differentiate pernicious anemia from other causes of B12 deficiency.
Choice B (Complete blood count) is a general test that may show abnormalities in red blood cells seen in anemia, but it does not specifically diagnose pernicious anemia.
Choice C (Vitamin B12 level) alone may not differentiate between pernicious anemia and other causes of B12 deficiency.
Choice D (Bone marrow biopsy) is not typically necessary for diagnosing pernicious anemia and is more invasive compared to the Schilling test.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values of a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following sets of values should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (pH 7.25, HCO3- 19 mEq/L, PaCO2 30 mm Hg). In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys are unable to excrete acid effectively, leading to metabolic acidosis. The pH is low (acidotic) due to the accumulation of acids. The bicarbonate (HCO3-) is low (19 mEq/L) as the kidneys are unable to reabsorb and regenerate bicarbonate effectively. The PaCO2 is low (30 mm Hg) as the respiratory system compensates by increasing the respiratory rate to blow off carbon dioxide in an attempt to normalize the pH.
Choices B, C, and D have pH values within normal range and do not reflect the expected acidosis in chronic kidney disease.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who reports substernal chest pain and dyspnea. The client is vomiting and is diaphoretic. Which of the following laboratory tests are used to diagnose a myocardial infarction? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Troponin I, Troponin T, CPK, and Myoglobin are all specific laboratory tests used to diagnose a myocardial infarction. Troponin I and T are cardiac biomarkers released into the bloodstream following myocardial cell injury. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is an enzyme found in high concentrations in the heart muscle, and elevated levels indicate myocardial damage. Myoglobin is a protein released from damaged muscle cells, including cardiac muscle. These tests provide crucial information to confirm the diagnosis of a myocardial infarction.
Plasma low-density lipoproteins are not specific for diagnosing a myocardial infarction. White blood cell count is not typically used for diagnosing a myocardial infarction, although it may be elevated in response to inflammation associated with heart damage. Blood glucose level is not specific for diagnosing a myocardial infarction and
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory findings for a client who developed fat embolism syndrome (FES) following a fracture. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased serum calcium level. In fat embolism syndrome (FES), fat droplets enter the bloodstream and can affect various organs. One of the common complications is hypocalcemia due to the binding of calcium to the fatty acids, leading to decreased serum calcium levels. This can result in symptoms such as confusion, tetany, and seizures. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Increased potassium level is not typically associated with FES. C: Decreased white blood cell count is not a common finding in FES. D: Increased serum albumin level is not related to FES.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is planning an educational program about basal cell carcinoma. Which of the following information should the nurse plan to include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Basal cell carcinoma has a low incidence of metastasis. This should be included in the educational program because basal cell carcinoma rarely metastasizes. Metastasis is the spread of cancer from the original site to other parts of the body, and in the case of basal cell carcinoma, it tends to remain localized. This information is crucial for patients to understand the prognosis and treatment options.
Explanation of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Basal cell carcinoma often spreads to lymph nodes - This statement is incorrect as basal cell carcinoma typically does not spread to lymph nodes.
C: Basal cell carcinoma is most common in young adults - Basal cell carcinoma is more common in older individuals, typically over the age of 50.
D: Basal cell carcinoma is curable with chemotherapy - While chemotherapy may be a treatment option for some cases of basal cell carcinoma, it is not the primary treatment and not always curative.