ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking digoxin to treat heart failure. Which of the following factors predisposes this client to developing digoxin toxicity?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Taking a high-ceiling diuretic. High-ceiling diuretics, like furosemide, can lead to hypokalemia by increasing potassium excretion, which can potentiate the risk of digoxin toxicity as digoxin competes with potassium for binding sites on the myocardial cell membrane.
Therefore, when a client is taking digoxin along with a high-ceiling diuretic, the risk of digoxin toxicity increases. The other choices, B, C, and D, do not directly predispose the client to digoxin toxicity. HMG COA reductase inhibitors are used to lower cholesterol levels and do not interact with digoxin. COPD and a prolapsed mitral valve are unrelated to the risk of digoxin toxicity.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving ondansetron IV. Which of the following findings is an indication that the ondansetron is effective?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased nausea. Ondansetron is an antiemetic medication used to treat nausea and vomiting.
Therefore, a decrease in nausea indicates that the medication is effective in managing the client's symptoms. Reduced dizziness (
B) and absence of peripheral neuropathy (
D) are not directly related to the action of ondansetron. Increased urinary output (
C) is not a typical effect of ondansetron.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving magnesium sulfate IV bolus for preeclampsia. The client's respiratory rate is 6/min and they have absent deep tendon reflexes. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Calcium gluconate. In this scenario, the client is showing signs of magnesium sulfate toxicity, including respiratory depression and absent deep tendon reflexes. Calcium gluconate is the antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity as it competes with magnesium for receptor sites, counteracting its effects. Methylergonovine is used to prevent or control postpartum hemorrhage, not for magnesium sulfate toxicity. Naloxone is used to reverse opioid overdose, not for magnesium sulfate toxicity. Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid used for various conditions but is not indicated for magnesium sulfate toxicity.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a gonococcal infection and has been prescribed an 1M injection of ceftriaxone. The client refuses the medication because they are afraid of needles. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: I will discuss other treatment options with your provider. This response shows empathy and understanding towards the client's fear of needles, while also indicating a proactive approach to explore alternative treatment options. By involving the provider in the discussion, the nurse can work together with the client to find a suitable alternative that addresses the infection without causing distress.
Choice A is incorrect as it disregards the client's fear and may lead to further resistance.
Choice B is incorrect as it uses fear tactics, which can be counterproductive.
Choice C is incorrect as it minimizes the client's fear without addressing the underlying issue.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer heparin subcutaneously to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take to minimize bleeding following the injection?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Grasp skin between thumb and forefinger throughout the injection. This technique helps to stabilize the tissue around the injection site, reducing the risk of bleeding. By holding the skin taut, the needle can be inserted more accurately, minimizing trauma to the blood vessels and tissues. This method also helps prevent the medication from leaking out of the injection site, ensuring proper absorption.
For the other choices:
A: Gently massaging the site following the injection can increase bleeding by disrupting the clotting process.
C: The Z-track method is used for intramuscular injections, not subcutaneous, and is not necessary to minimize bleeding in this case.
D: Aspirating the syringe is not required for subcutaneous injections and does not directly impact bleeding following the injection.