ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2023 II Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Electrolyte imbalance.
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) provides essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. This can lead to electrolyte imbalances due to the concentrated nature of the solution. Monitoring electrolyte levels is crucial to prevent complications such as hyperglycemia or hypokalemia. Diarrhea (
A), aspiration pneumonia (
B), and nausea (
D) are not typically associated with TPN administration.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who is taking warfarin. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as the priority to report to the provider?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Melena. Melena is a sign of gastrointestinal bleeding, which can be a serious complication of warfarin therapy due to its anticoagulant effects. Gastrointestinal bleeding can lead to significant blood loss and requires immediate medical attention to prevent further complications. Reporting melena promptly allows the provider to assess and manage the situation effectively. Fever (
A), abdominal cramping (
C), and hair loss (
D) are not typically associated with warfarin use and do not pose immediate life-threatening risks compared to gastrointestinal bleeding.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking digoxin to treat heart failure. Which of the following factors predisposes this client to developing digoxin toxicity?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Taking a high-ceiling diuretic predisposes the client to digoxin toxicity as both medications can cause hypokalemia, which increases the risk of digoxin toxicity. High-ceiling diuretics like furosemide increase potassium excretion, leading to low potassium levels. Digoxin toxicity is more likely to occur in the setting of low potassium levels because digoxin competes with potassium for binding sites on the sodium-potassium pump in cardiac cells. This competition can result in increased digoxin binding to the pump, leading to toxicity.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly affect potassium levels or interact with digoxin in a way that predisposes the client to toxicity.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for nitroglycerin sublingual tablets for treating angina. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Place the tablet under the tongue until dissolved. This is the correct instruction for taking nitroglycerin sublingual tablets because sublingual administration allows for rapid absorption through the mucous membranes under the tongue, leading to quick relief of angina symptoms. Placing the tablet under the tongue until dissolved ensures proper absorption and effectiveness of the medication.
Rationale for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Call 911 if pain persists 30 minutes after taking one tablet - This instruction is incorrect because nitroglycerin is a fast-acting medication, and if the pain persists for 30 minutes, the client may require additional doses or medical attention before that time.
B: Take a tablet every 10 minutes until the pain subsides - This instruction is incorrect because taking multiple tablets in a short period can lead to an overdose and severe hypotension.
D: Store the tablets in a refrigerator in a plastic container - This instruction is incorrect because nitroglycer
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who is taking phenelzine and reports eating aged cheese. Which of the following is a manifestation of an interaction between the medication and the food?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertension. Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) that can interact with tyramine-rich foods like aged cheese, leading to a hypertensive crisis. Tyramine can displace norepinephrine from nerve terminals, causing a sudden release of norepinephrine, resulting in increased blood pressure. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not typically associated with MAOI and tyramine interaction. Diarrhea is more commonly seen with other medications. Bradycardia is not a typical manifestation of this interaction. Somnolence is a common side effect of phenelzine but not specifically related to the interaction with aged cheese.