ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology 2023 III Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving parenteral nutrition and identifies that the client has hypoglycemia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administer IV dextrose. Hypoglycemia is a potential complication of parenteral nutrition. Administering IV dextrose is the appropriate action to increase the client's blood sugar levels quickly. Discontinuing the infusion (choice
A) would further decrease glucose supply. Warming formula (choice
C) is not directly related to treating hypoglycemia. Obtaining arterial blood gases (choice
D) is not necessary for managing hypoglycemia.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has cirrhosis of the liver and is receiving spironolactone. Which of the following findings indicates that the client is responding to the treatment?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased ascites. Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, is commonly used in cirrhotic patients to decrease fluid retention and ascites. As the medication helps to increase urine output and reduce fluid accumulation in the abdomen, a decrease in ascites would indicate that the client is responding positively to the treatment. Increased energy (choice
A) and increased appetite (choice
D) are not direct indicators of the medication's effectiveness in treating cirrhotic ascites. Decreased jaundice (choice
B) may improve with liver function but is not a specific response to spironolactone.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has received oxycodone. The nurse notes that the client's respiratory rate is 8/min. The nurse should identify that which of the following is the pathophysiology for the client's respiratory rate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Correct Answer: C - Oxycodone causes central nervous system depression.
Rationale: Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic that acts on the central nervous system to provide pain relief. One of the common side effects of opioids is respiratory depression, which can lead to a decreased respiratory rate. This occurs because opioids suppress the activity of the brainstem respiratory centers, leading to decreased drive to breathe and ultimately slowing down the respiratory rate.
Therefore, in this scenario, the client's low respiratory rate of 8/min is likely due to the central nervous system depression caused by oxycodone.
Summary of Incorrect
Choices:
A: Oxycodone blocking the sodium channel suspending nerve conduction is not the mechanism behind the respiratory depression seen with opioids.
B: Oxycodone promoting vasodilation of cranial arteries is not related to the respiratory depression caused by opioids.
D: Oxycodone inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis is not the mechanism responsible for the respiratory
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer the varicella vaccine to a group of clients. The nurse should identify which of the following clients as having a contraindication for receiving this immunization?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A client who has AIDS. Clients with AIDS have compromised immune systems, making them more susceptible to potential adverse effects of the varicella vaccine. Live attenuated vaccines like the varicella vaccine can pose a risk of causing the actual disease in immunocompromised individuals.
Therefore, administering the varicella vaccine to a client with AIDS can lead to severe complications.
A: An older adult client living in a long-term care facility - Older adults are at increased risk for complications from varicella but it is not a contraindication.
B: A young adult who has an allergy to eggs - The varicella vaccine is made in eggs but having an egg allergy is not a contraindication.
C: A child who recently received the human papillomavirus vaccine - Receiving the HPV vaccine does not contraindicate receiving the varicella vaccine.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to transcribe a prescription for a client that reads 'ondansetron 8 mg by mouth every 12 hr PRN.' Which of the following parts of the prescription should the nurse clarify with the provider?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Reason. The nurse should clarify the reason for the prescription with the provider because "PRN" (pro re nata) indicates that the medication should be taken as needed for a specific condition, such as nausea or vomiting. Understanding the reason for the medication helps ensure appropriate administration and monitoring.
A: Dose - The dose is clearly stated as 8 mg, so there is no need for clarification.
B: Route - The route is specified as by mouth, which is a common and appropriate route for ondansetron.
C: Frequency - The frequency is every 12 hours, so there is no ambiguity in this aspect of the prescription.
In summary, clarifying the reason for the PRN prescription is essential for safe and effective medication administration, making option D the correct choice for clarification.