ATI RN
ATI RN Adult Medical Surgical 2023 Questions Correct Answers Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving morphine through a PCA device. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Teaching the client how to self-medicate using the PCA device is essential to empower the client in managing their pain effectively. This promotes autonomy and ensures the client receives the appropriate dose at the right time, enhancing pain control.
Choice B is incorrect as family members should not press the PCA button for the client to maintain safety and prevent medication errors.
Choice C is incorrect as respiratory status should be monitored more frequently, ideally every 1-2 hours, when a client is receiving opioids due to the risk of respiratory depression.
Choice D is incorrect as administering an oral opioid for breakthrough pain may lead to overdose or adverse effects when already receiving morphine through PCA.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client who has cardiovascular disease. The nurse should identify that which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "I will use canola oil when making salad dressing." Canola oil is a healthier choice than other oils, as it is low in saturated fats and high in monounsaturated fats, which are beneficial for cardiovascular health. Using canola oil in salad dressing can help decrease the intake of unhealthy fats.
Choice A is incorrect because limiting meat portions alone may not address overall dietary fat intake.
Choice B is incorrect as canned vegetables may contain added sodium, which is not ideal for cardiovascular health.
Choice D is incorrect as whole milk is high in saturated fats, not recommended for cardiovascular disease.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has COPD. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Consume a diet that is high in calories. Patients with COPD often have increased energy needs due to the increased work of breathing. Providing a high-calorie diet helps maintain energy levels and prevent weight loss.
Choice B is incorrect because adequate hydration is crucial to help thin mucus and make it easier to clear from the airways.
Choice C is incorrect as strenuous exercise can exacerbate COPD symptoms; moderate exercise is recommended.
Choice D is incorrect because carbohydrates are an essential energy source and reducing intake can lead to increased fatigue in COPD patients.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride 10 mEq IV over 1 hr to a client. Available is potassium chloride 10 mEq in 100 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride. The nurse should set the infusion pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round to the nearest whole number.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
To determine the infusion rate, we first calculate the total volume of the solution to be infused (100 mL) over the total time (1 hr).
Therefore, the infusion pump should be set to deliver 100 mL/hr (
Choice
C). This ensures the correct administration of potassium chloride 10 mEq IV over 1 hr.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the infusion rate required for the specified dose and time frame.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has meningitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Photophobia. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Photophobia, or sensitivity to light, is a classic symptom of meningitis due to the irritation of the meninges causing increased sensitivity to light. This occurs because the inflamed meninges lead to stimulation of the nerves around the brain, resulting in discomfort when exposed to light.
Bradycardia (
B) is not typically associated with meningitis. Intermittent headache (
C) is vague and can be present in various conditions. Petechiae on the chest (
D) are more commonly seen in conditions like meningococcal meningitis.