ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving magnesium sulfate IV bolus for preeclampsia. The client's respiratory rate is 6/min and they have absent deep tendon reflexes. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Calcium gluconate. In this scenario, the client is showing signs of magnesium sulfate toxicity, including respiratory depression and absent deep tendon reflexes. Calcium gluconate is the antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity as it competes with magnesium for receptor sites, counteracting its effects. Methylergonovine is used to prevent or control postpartum hemorrhage, not for magnesium sulfate toxicity. Naloxone is used to reverse opioid overdose, not for magnesium sulfate toxicity. Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid used for various conditions but is not indicated for magnesium sulfate toxicity.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking digoxin to treat heart failure. Which of the following factors predisposes this client to developing digoxin toxicity?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Taking a high-ceiling diuretic. High-ceiling diuretics, like furosemide, can lead to hypokalemia by increasing potassium excretion, which can potentiate the risk of digoxin toxicity as digoxin competes with potassium for binding sites on the myocardial cell membrane.
Therefore, when a client is taking digoxin along with a high-ceiling diuretic, the risk of digoxin toxicity increases. The other choices, B, C, and D, do not directly predispose the client to digoxin toxicity. HMG COA reductase inhibitors are used to lower cholesterol levels and do not interact with digoxin. COPD and a prolapsed mitral valve are unrelated to the risk of digoxin toxicity.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer heparin subcutaneously to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take to minimize bleeding following the injection?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Grasp skin between thumb and forefinger throughout the injection. This technique helps to stabilize the tissue around the injection site, reducing the risk of bleeding. By holding the skin taut, the needle can be inserted more accurately, minimizing trauma to the blood vessels and tissues. This method also helps prevent the medication from leaking out of the injection site, ensuring proper absorption.
For the other choices:
A: Gently massaging the site following the injection can increase bleeding by disrupting the clotting process.
C: The Z-track method is used for intramuscular injections, not subcutaneous, and is not necessary to minimize bleeding in this case.
D: Aspirating the syringe is not required for subcutaneous injections and does not directly impact bleeding following the injection.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory data of a client who is receiving filgrastim. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: WBC count. Filgrastim is a medication that stimulates the production of white blood cells (WBCs). Monitoring the WBC count is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment as an increase in WBC count indicates that the medication is working to boost the immune system.
A: Potassium level is not directly related to filgrastim therapy.
B: BUN (blood urea nitrogen) is not typically affected by filgrastim.
C: INR (International Normalized Ratio) is a measure of blood clotting and is not relevant to monitoring filgrastim therapy.
Therefore, the correct choice is D as it directly reflects the intended therapeutic effect of filgrastim.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for captopril. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Exercise caution when changing positions. This is important to include in the teaching because captopril, an ACE inhibitor, can cause a drop in blood pressure, leading to dizziness or lightheadedness when changing positions. Monitoring pulse rate (
B) may not be necessary for this medication. Taking a daily potassium supplement (
A) is typically not recommended as captopril can already increase potassium levels. Increasing sodium intake (
C) is counterproductive as it can worsen high blood pressure. Other choices are not directly related to the medication's side effects.