ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Exam 2 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving heparin by continuous IV infusion. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer in the event of an overdose?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: C - Protamine
Rationale:
1. Protamine is an antidote for heparin, as it neutralizes its anticoagulant effects.
2. It forms a complex with heparin, reducing its activity and reversing its effects.
3. Vitamin K is used for warfarin overdose, not heparin.
4. Glucagon is used for beta-blocker overdose.
5. Iron is not an antidote for heparin overdose.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has hypertension and asks the nurse about a prescription for propranolol. The nurse should inform the client that this medication is contraindicated in clients who have a history of which of the following conditions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Asthma. Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that can cause bronchoconstriction, leading to potential exacerbation of asthma symptoms. It is contraindicated in clients with asthma due to its potential to worsen respiratory function.
A: Migraines - Propranolol is actually used to prevent migraines, so this is incorrect.
B: Glaucoma - Propranolol can be used to treat glaucoma, so this is incorrect.
D: Depression - Propranolol can be used to manage anxiety associated with depression, so this is incorrect.
In summary, the correct answer is C because propranolol can exacerbate asthma symptoms by causing bronchoconstriction.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has angina pectoris about starting therapy with sublingual (SL) nitroglycerin tablets. The nurse should include which of the following instructions regarding how to take the medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: B. Take one tablet at the first indication of chest pain.
Rationale: Sublingual nitroglycerin is used for immediate relief of angina symptoms. Taking one tablet at the first sign of chest pain ensures quick absorption under the tongue, leading to rapid vasodilation and relief of angina symptoms.
Summary of other choices:
A: Taking with water is not necessary for sublingual nitroglycerin administration.
C: Taking a tablet every 15 minutes during an acute attack may lead to overdose and hypotension.
D: Taking after meals and at bedtime is not indicated for immediate relief of angina symptoms.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer heparin to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inject the medication into the abdomen above the level of the iliac crest. This is the correct site for administering heparin due to its absorption rate. The abdomen provides a large surface area for absorption, and injecting above the iliac crest helps avoid the risk of hitting major blood vessels or organs. Massaging the injection site, as suggested in option B, is not recommended as it can cause bruising and discomfort. Using a 1-inch needle, as in option C, may not be long enough to reach the subcutaneous tissue in some clients. Similarly, a 22-gauge needle, as in option D, may be too large and cause pain or bleeding. Overall, option A ensures safe and effective administration of heparin.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has hypertension and a new prescription for verapamil. Which of the following beverages should the nurse tell the client to avoid while taking this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Grapefruit juice. Verapamil can interact with grapefruit juice and increase the levels of the medication in the body, leading to potential toxicity. Grapefruit juice inhibits the enzyme that metabolizes verapamil, causing it to accumulate. Orange juice, milk, and coffee do not have significant interactions with verapamil.
Therefore, the nurse should advise the client to avoid grapefruit juice to prevent adverse effects.