ATI RN
RN ATI Pharmacology 2019 Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving ceftriaxone intravenously. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as an allergic reaction?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypotension. An allergic reaction to ceftriaxone can manifest as hypotension due to the release of histamine causing vasodilation. Bradycardia (
A) is not a typical manifestation of an allergic reaction. Polyuria (
C) is excessive urination and is not related to an allergic reaction. Nausea (
D) is a common side effect of many medications but not specific to an allergic reaction.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse in a provider's office is preparing to teach a middle adult client who has a new diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and an HbA1c of 6. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to teach the client about first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Metformin. Metformin is the first-line medication for treating type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome due to its effectiveness in reducing insulin resistance and improving glucose control. It is usually recommended as the initial pharmacological therapy in such cases. Insulin glargine (
A) and regular insulin (
B) are typically used when oral medications are ineffective in controlling blood sugar levels. Exenatide (
C) is a medication used in type 2 diabetes but is usually considered after metformin.
Therefore, in this scenario, the nurse should first teach the client about metformin as it is the most appropriate initial treatment option based on guidelines and efficacy.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the medication administration record for a client who has cancer and is receiving morphine via a PCA pump. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse clarify with the provider?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Naloxone. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse the effects of opioids like morphine. Since the client is receiving morphine via a PCA pump, prescribing naloxone concurrently may indicate a potential concern for opioid overdose. The nurse should clarify this prescription with the provider to ensure patient safety.
The other choices (A, B, and
C) are not typically contraindicated with morphine administration in a client with cancer. Acetaminophen can be used for pain management alongside morphine. Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin used for diabetes management, which is unrelated to morphine therapy. Ondansetron is an antiemetic commonly prescribed to manage nausea and vomiting, which can be a side effect of morphine but does not require clarification in this scenario.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving 0.9% sodium chloride solution to treat dehydration. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of the solution?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pink, frothy sputum. This finding indicates pulmonary edema, a serious adverse effect of fluid overload from the 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Pink, frothy sputum is a sign of fluid leaking into the lungs, which can lead to respiratory distress and compromised gas exchange. Dark amber urine (
A) may indicate dehydration, not fluid overload. Decreased skin turgor (
B) is a sign of dehydration, not fluid overload. Increased bowel sounds (
C) can be a normal response to fluid resuscitation and do not indicate adverse effects of the solution.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who requires a re-insertion of a short peripheral venous catheter. In which of the following locations should the nurse place the catheter?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: A vein proximal to the previous site. This location is preferred to prevent complications like phlebitis. Proximal insertion reduces the risk of infection from the previous site and allows for better vein integrity. Option A is incorrect because a hard vein may indicate thrombosis. Option B should be avoided in the dominant arm to prevent disruption of daily activities. Option D on the wrist is not ideal due to the risk of movement-related dislodgement.