ATI RN
ATI Capstone Exam 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is participating in a research study for an experimental chemotherapy medication. After three treatments, the experimental medication is discontinued due to evidence of rapidly advancing kidney failure. The nurse should understand discontinuing this medication demonstrates which of the following ethical principles?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nonmaleficence. This principle of ethics requires healthcare providers to do no harm to their patients. In this scenario, discontinuing the experimental chemotherapy medication after evidence of rapidly advancing kidney failure demonstrates the nurse's commitment to preventing further harm to the client. By stopping the medication that is causing harm, the nurse is upholding the principle of nonmaleficence.
Other choices are incorrect:
A: Veracity - Veracity pertains to truthfulness and honesty in communication with patients. Discontinuing the medication is not related to truthfulness.
B: Fidelity - Fidelity refers to the obligation to fulfill commitments and promises made to patients. Discontinuing the medication is not about fulfilling commitments.
D: Autonomy - Autonomy is the right of patients to make their own decisions about their healthcare. Discontinuing the medication is not about respecting the patient's autonomy in this context.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse working for a home health agency is assessing an older adult male client. Which of the following findings is the priority for the nurse to address?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dysphagia. Dysphagia, difficulty swallowing, is a priority finding in an older adult male as it can lead to aspiration and malnutrition. The nurse needs to address this promptly to prevent complications. Pruritus (choice
A) is itching and can be managed. Swollen gums (choice
B) may indicate dental issues but are not immediately life-threatening. Urinary hesitancy (choice
D) can be indicative of a urinary problem but does not pose an immediate risk compared to dysphagia.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing a community health program for adults at risk for cardiovascular disease. Which of the following should the nurse include as a modifiable risk factor?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cigarette smoking. Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease as individuals can quit smoking to reduce their risk. Family history (
A) and increasing age (
B) are non-modifiable risk factors. Diabetes (
C) is a risk factor but not modifiable in this context. Other choices not provided.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who asks how albuterol helps his breathing. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? (Select all that apply)
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale:
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale:
C: The medication will prevent wheezing. Albuterol is a bronchodilator that works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, preventing and relieving wheezing.
D: The medication will open the airway. Albuterol acts by opening the airways, making it easier for the client to breathe.
Summary:
A: The medication will reduce inflammation. Albuterol does not directly reduce inflammation; it primarily works as a bronchodilator.
B: The medication will decrease coughing episodes. While albuterol may indirectly reduce coughing by improving breathing, its primary action is not to decrease coughing.
E: The medication will stimulate the flow of mucus. Albuterol does not stimulate mucus flow; it primarily works to open the airways and relieve bronchospasm.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is presenting a community-based program about HIV and AIDS. A client asks the nurse to describe the initial symptoms experienced with HIV infection. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the explanation of initial symptoms?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Flu-like symptoms and night sweats. Initial symptoms of HIV infection often present as flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and night sweats. This is known as acute retroviral syndrome and occurs within the first few weeks after exposure to the virus. These symptoms are nonspecific and can easily be mistaken for other common illnesses. Fungal and bacterial infections (
B), Pneumocystis lung infection (
C), and Kaposi’s sarcoma (
D) are not initial symptoms of HIV infection. Fungal and bacterial infections typically occur in later stages of HIV when the immune system is severely compromised. Pneumocystis lung infection and Kaposi’s sarcoma are opportunistic infections seen in advanced stages of HIV, usually when the CD4 count is significantly low.