ATI RN
ATI Nur211 Capstone Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing anaphylactic shock in response to the administration of penicillin. Which of the following medications should the nurse administer first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Epinephrine. Epinephrine is the first-line medication for anaphylactic shock due to its vasoconstrictive and bronchodilator effects, which help reverse the severe vasodilation and bronchoconstriction seen in anaphylaxis. Administering epinephrine promptly can improve blood pressure, heart rate, and airway patency, preventing cardiovascular collapse. Methylprednisolone (
A) is a corticosteroid that may be given later to reduce inflammation. Dobutamine (
B) is a beta-adrenergic agonist used for heart failure, not for anaphylactic shock. Furosemide (
C) is a diuretic used for fluid overload, not for anaphylactic shock.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer verapamil by IV bolus to a client who is having cardiac dysrhythmias. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor when giving this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypotension. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that can cause vasodilation, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. Administering it by IV bolus can result in a rapid drop in blood pressure, causing hypotension. Monitoring for hypotension is crucial to prevent complications such as dizziness, syncope, or inadequate perfusion to vital organs. Muscle pain (
B), ototoxicity (
C), and hyperthermia (
D) are not commonly associated with verapamil administration. Monitoring for these adverse effects would not be relevant in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is at risk for shock. Which of the following findings is the earliest indicator that this complication is developing?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased respiratory rate. This is the earliest indicator of shock because the body initially compensates by increasing respiratory rate to improve oxygenation and perfusion. Hypotension (
A) occurs later in shock as a result of decreased cardiac output. Anuria (
C) is a late sign of shock indicating renal failure. Decreased level of consciousness (
D) occurs when brain perfusion is severely compromised.
Therefore, increased respiratory rate is the first sign of the body's attempt to compensate for decreased perfusion in shock.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer acetaminophen 10 mg/kg/dose to a child who weighs 28 lb. The amount available is acetaminophen 120 mg/5 mL. How many ml should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 5.3
Rationale:
To calculate the correct dose, we first convert the child's weight from lb to kg: 28 lb / 2.2 = 12.73 kg.
Then, we multiply the weight by the dose (10 mg/kg): 12.73 kg * 10 mg/kg = 127.3 mg. Next, we convert mg to mL using the available concentration: 127.3 mg / 120 mg = 1.06 mL, which rounds to 1 decimal place as 5.3 mL.
Therefore, the nurse should administer 5.3 mL. Other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the correct conversion and calculation steps, leading to inaccurate dosing.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing hypovolemic shock. Which of the following blood products should the nurse anticipate administering to this client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Packed RBCs. In hypovolemic shock, there is a significant loss of blood volume leading to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity. Packed RBCs are the most appropriate choice as they directly increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, helping to improve tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Cryoprecipitates (
A) are used to manage bleeding disorders, not hypovolemic shock. Albumin (
C) is a colloid solution used for volume expansion but does not directly address the decreased oxygen-carrying capacity in hypovolemic shock. Platelets (
D) are used for clotting disorders, not for hypovolemic shock.