ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Exam Final Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has streptococcal pneumonia and a prescription for penicillin Gby intermittent IV bolus. 10 minutes into the infusion of the third dose, the client reports that the IV site itches and that he feels dizzy and short of breath. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stop the infusion. The client is showing signs of a potential allergic reaction to penicillin, which can be life-threatening. Stopping the infusion is the priority to prevent further administration of the allergen. This action takes precedence over calling the provider, as immediate intervention is required. Auscultating breath sounds can be done after stopping the infusion to assess for respiratory distress. Elevating the head of the bed may be needed if the client develops respiratory distress but is not the first action to take in this situation.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reviewing discharge instructions with a client who has rheumatoid arthritis and a new prescription for prednisone. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "I should take my flu vaccine within one week of starting this medication." This statement shows understanding because prednisone is an immunosuppressant that can increase the risk of infections. Getting the flu vaccine can help protect the client from flu-related complications.
Choice A is incorrect because aspirin should be avoided while taking prednisone due to the increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Choice B is incorrect as bananas do not have a specific relevance to prednisone use.
Choice D is incorrect because a sore throat is not a common side effect of prednisone.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for calcium carbonate to treat osteoporosis. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following as a possible adverse effect of the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Flank pain. Calcium carbonate can lead to the formation of kidney stones, which can cause flank pain. This is a serious adverse effect that the client should report immediately. Jaundice (
B) is not typically associated with calcium carbonate. Epigastric pain (
C) is more commonly seen with gastrointestinal issues like gastritis. Diarrhea (
D) is a common side effect of calcium carbonate, but it is not considered a serious adverse effect that requires immediate reporting.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has prostate cancer. The nurse should expect the provider to prescribe which of the following medications for this client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Leuprolide. Leuprolide is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist used to treat prostate cancer by suppressing the production of testosterone, which can slow the growth of prostate cancer cells. Finasteride (choice
A) is a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor used for benign prostatic hyperplasia, not prostate cancer. Cyclophosphamide (choice
C) is an alkylating agent used for various cancers but not typically for prostate cancer. Tamoxifen (choice
D) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used for breast cancer, not prostate cancer.
Therefore, Leuprolide is the most appropriate choice for treating prostate cancer in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has asthma and a new prescription for fluticasone/salmeterol. For Which if the following adverse effects should the nurse instruct the client to report to the provider?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: White coating in the mouth. This is indicative of oral thrush, a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids like fluticasone. The nurse should instruct the client to report this to the provider as it may require treatment. Increased appetite (
A), sedation (
C), and dry oral mucous membranes (
D) are not typically associated with fluticasone/salmeterol and are less concerning compared to oral thrush. It's important for the nurse to prioritize potential adverse effects that directly impact the client's health and require medical attention.